[en] The main task of an NDT engineer is to select the best method, considering the cost-benefit value of different available systems and taking into account the special existing constraints. The aim of the paper is to suggest a tool that will enable characterization of measuring systems. The derivation of the characterization parameters and functions has to be general, i.e., suitable for all possible measuring methods, independent of their principle of operation. Quite often the properties measured during the NDT procedure are not the wanted ones, but there must be a correlation between the measured property and the performance of the product. One has to bear in mind that the ultimate choice between systems is not, in practice, just based on the mathematical optimization approach that is presented. Factors like cost-benefit, availability of trained manpower, service, real-time information, weight, volume, etc., may be crucial problems, and they may well dictate the final selection

[en] Topics discussed include: high-pressure diamond cell work; x-ray fluorescence analysis; shroud of turin; laser fusion target inspection; and scanning electron microscope. Organization charts for the M-1 group are included

[en] Of the particles emitted from radioactive nuclei, the positively charged beta rays or positrons are among the least known, yet they have some remarkable properties, since they provide by far the most easily accessible examples of anti-matter. Over the last few years it has become clear that the particular combination of conventional and unconventional properties possessed by positrons makes them especially valuable as probes of microscopic and atomic scale imperfections in metals, and their use for this purpose in metallurgy is now well established. The chapter summarizes the properties concerned, considers the observational techniques required to exploit them, and presents examples of such studies, with the object of showing how they are beginning to contribute to some areas of nondestructive testing. In particular, positron annihilation shows promise as a method for detecting deformation, creep and fatigue damage in metals and alloys, where there is a dearth of adequate techniques

[en] Staining method in mineral identification process is based on stains effect on mineral by certain chemical solution. K feldspar stains are characteristically yellow colour, plagioclase is pink or red, cardierite is deep red and muscovite is yellowish, but paragonite is unstained. Sometimes stains depend on rock condition and minerals position on thin section. Furthermore it can be developed to petrofabric studies. (author)

No abstract available

[en] The different nondestructive testing methods used at the CEA are presented: X-ray or gamma radiography, X-ray stress analysis, neutron radiography, ultrasonic testing, eddy currents, electrical testing, microwaves, thermal testing, acoustic emission, optical holography, tracer techniques. (102 references are cited)

[en] Neutron radiography is a relatively recent technological development in the annals of non-destructive evaluation. It promises to play a role of increasing importance as the technology is further developed. The technique is placed in prospective with regard to other non-destructive evaluation methods in this paper. The history of the development of neutron radiography is traced to the early work of Becker, Bothe and the Joliot-Curies in Europe, and to the work of Chadwick in Great Britain. Details of the experiments which led to the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1932, nuclear properties and energy classifications of neutrons, and the various interactions of neutrons with matter are discussed in detail. A history of neutron radiography is presented which outlines the early experiments by Kallmann and Kuhn; these experiments led to the production of the first neutron radiograph in Germany in 1938. The paper continues with a description of the general techniques that are characteristic of the neutron radiographic process. The breadth and extent of present neutron radiographic technology is discussed as a conclusion of the paper. (author)

[en] The standard supersedes the December 1974 issue of RDT F 3-6T and incorporates those changes to that issue of the standard that were approved for publication as Amendment 1

[en] A survey is given of the principles of the different methods of nondestructive materials testing. Electromagnetic and acoustic waves: visuel light-optical methods; laser methods; radiographic methods; γ-ray methods; thermographic methods using ultra-sound; acoustic emission analysis. Heat flux: testing with liquid crystals. Electromagnetic fields: magna flux methods; stray-flux methods; hysteresis methods; eddy-current methods. Mechanical-physical methods: microsclerometric measurement; photoelastic surface layer methods. (orig.)

[en] Reference series by the Bundesanstalt fuer Materialpruefung and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Zerstoerungsfreie Pruefung, published six times a year, which is to give quick and reliable information on specific knowledge contained in literature. (RW)