[en] The high technicity of the current reproductive techniques and the complexity of the reproductive system in different species require a profound training in reproductive biology. Reproductive biology has become an important part in the curriculum of veterinary sciences. The precise understanding of the metabolic regulation changes of cells and tissues cultured in vitro is essential to know the precise boundaries within which the gametic culturist needs to operate in order to ensure normal healthy offspring

[en] Coccidiosis, caused by the protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria, is a common disease in rabbits and chicken and is of the major economic importance to poultry industry and commercial rabbit's production around the world. Ten known Eimeria species infects the rabbits. Nine of them infect only the intestinal tract while one (Eimeria stiedae) infects the intrahepathic epithelial bile ducts. At present, coccidiosis is controlled by chemotherapy. However, the emergence of drug resistant parasites coupled with the higher cost for developing new coccidiostats has drawn the attention to alternative means of control such as immunoprophylaxis including the development of genetically engineered vaccines

[en] Full text: Following the case of avian influenza that occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina in February 2006, the Federation Ministry of Agriculture Water Management and Forestry and FAO in cooperation with BiH NRL for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease and veterinary authorities promoted, founded and implemented a Federation-wide surveillance programme. The main objectives of the surveillance effort were to identify if there are avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulating in backyard poultry flocks and to determine their actual prevalence in the same population. Over 5 months (December 2008 to April 2009), 3.556 cloacal swabs and 296 blood samples were collected from more than 100 households. Out of total number of samples only 5 were positive on ELISA test but they have not been confirmed with rT-PCR or embrionated SAN eggs. (author)

[en] Full text: Performance of Fas2-ELISA, ES-ELISA and coprology for the detection of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle was evaluated in serum samples from 168 cattle killed in the abattoir of Lima Peru. In this population sample, 59 cattle had liver fluke infection determined by direct visualisation of flukes in the liver and by faecal inspection. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Fas2-ELISA were 96.6%, 93.5%, 89.6% and 98% respectively. Corresponding values for sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for ES-ELISA were 94.9%, 83.4%, 75.6% and 96.8% and for faecal inspection were 89.8%, 100%, 100% and 94% respectively. No cross-reaction with sera from cattle infected with Moniezia sp. Bunostomum sp. and Dictyocaulus viviparus was observed with Fas2-ELISA as ES-ELISA cross-reacted to sera from Bunostomun sp. infected cattle (2/17). Fas2-ELISA is more sensitive and specific for the detection of F. hepatica infection in cattle than ES-ELISA and faecal inspection and might be useful as a reliable tool for the screening for bovine fasciolosis. (author)

[en] In the central region of the Burkina Faso, small holders like to use veterinary traditional practice to treat small ruminant gastro-intestinal parasitism. In this part of country, Daniellia oliveri plant is usually used against this disease. Aqueous decoction obtained from the stem barc of Daniellia oliveri was screened to determine his phytochemical composition and in vitro anthelminthic activity agains Haemonchus contortus adult worms. Results showed that the decoction lyophilized obtained is giving to small ruminant (25 kg) at the rate of 242.5 mg per body weight. In vitro anthelminthic revealed that Daniellia oliveri extract has significant effect (P < 0.05) on mortality or the paralysis of the adult worms of Haemonchus contortus compared to the control group. In fact, use of Daniellia oliveri leaves by pastoralist smallholders in traditional therapy against the gastro-intestinal small ruminant parasites is justified in the central region of the Burkina Faso. Therefore, the survey suggests to achieve other studies (phytochemical and toxicity) on Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves studied in order to develop a further drug antiparasitic subsequently

[en] The prevalence of Theileria species in sheep in district Lahore during spring and summer season in year 2007 was studied by taking a total of 200 whole blood along with thin blood smears and 100 samples of ticks from 20 flocks in different locations in district Lahore with a history of tick infestation, relapse of fever and anaemia. On microscopic examination 44/200(22%) samples were positive for theileria while 70/200(35%)blood samples were positive theileria species by PCR out of which 79% were positive for T. ovis and 21% for T. lestoquardi. The clinical signs were recorded in 30% (60/200) sheep. Out of total one hundred tick samples the prevalence of Hyalomma was highest (45%) followed by Rhipicephalus (41%) and lowest for Boophilus (14%). The prevalence of T. ovis was 65.8% (27/41) as compared to 66.6% (30/45) for T. lestoquardi in Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma ticks, respectively

[en] In this experiment, genetic structure and correlation between genetic diversity and reproductive traits in three-way crossbred sheep, which was Poll Dorset x (Tan sheep x Small Tailed Han sheep), were analyzed with PCR-SSCP on the base of candidate gene as GDG9 and FecB. The results indicated, as for GDF9, there were two types of genotype in three-way crossbred sheep, which was AA and BB, their frequency was 0.19 and 0.81 respectively. The average lambing numbers for individuals with AA genotype was 2.50, which was obviously higher than that which was 1.68 for individuals with AB genotype (P < 0.05). As for FecB, there were two types of genotype in three-way crossbred sheep, which was CC and CD, their frequency was 0.58 and 0.42 respectively. The average lambing numbers for individuals with CD genotype was 2.33, which was obviously higher than that which was 1.50 for individuals with CC genotype (P < 0.05). The heterozygote genotype of GDF9 and lambing numbers for three-way crossbred sheep had a negative correlation. The heterozygote genotype of FecB and lambing numbers for three-way crossbred sheep had a positive correlation. (author)

[en] Data collected from 3190 small ruminants (2408 ewe and 782 goats) have been examined after slaughtering, from January to June 2005 in Ouagadougou refrigerated abattoir. 26.70% of sheep and 34.91% of goats were more in advanced gravidity with losses estimated to 0.33 lamb and 0.44 kid per slaughtered sheep and goat. Animals slaughtered during the second half of their gravidity (2-5 months) represented 53.19% of sheep and 58.24% of goats although at this period, the foetus becomes palpable and detectable. This survey attracts the attention on the losses due to the slaughtering of pregnant females, as the deficit in animal proteins doesn't stop worsening. Urgent measures must be considered to decrease the extent of these losses and it is recommended to detect pregnancy females in abattoir and breeders must be trained to simple methods of gestation detection

[en] Full text: The study was conducted to investigate the impact of management practises on udder health status of dairy cows in Thuringia-Germany. 48 dairy farms were randomly selected, 64542 milk samples from 10741 dairy cows were collected and subjected to bacteriological investigation. The prevalence of the infection was 27.57% of the quarters, and 49.66% of the composite milk samples were positive. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens with an udder and quarter prevalence of 28.70/35.50% and 26.60/32.70% respectively. Whereas, Streptococcus daysgalactia and Esculin Positive Streptococci (Environmental pathogens), showed a prevalence in the udder and quarter samples of 12.90/13.90% and 9.0/10.60% respectively. Incidence rate was found to be 32.75% in small herds and 31% in large ones. Housing and milking systems, feeding and udder cleaning methods were significantly influenced the mean incidence rate of mastitis. Ignorance of inter-milking sanitization resulted in a higher incidence rate (33.50%), which was lowered by practicing sanitization (31.50%). Application of teat dipping reduces incidence rate of mastitis to 32.25%, whereas, the non-use resulted in an incidence rate of 33%. (author)

[en] Traditional Veterinary practice is current by pastoralist and small holders to treat small ruminant gastro-intestinal parasitism in the central region of the Burkina Faso. To treat these digestive pathologies, Anogeissus leiocarpus is usually used. Ethno-veterinary surveys have been achieved to understand the traditional use of Anogeissus leiocarpus and in vitro test has been carried out to value anthelminthic activity on the adult worms of Haemonchus contortus. Results showed that the plant part used are leaves and by oral way after decoction to obtain aqueous extract which is giving to small ruminant (25 kg) at the rate of 160 mg per body weight. In vitro anthelminthic activity test of aqueous extract of leaves revealed a significant effect (P < 0,05) on mortality or the paralysis of the adult worms of Haemonchus contortus compared to the control group (PBS). In fact, use of Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves by pastoralist and small holders in traditional therapy against the gastro-intestinal small ruminant parasites is justified in the central region of the Burkina Faso. Therefore, the survey suggests to achieve other pharmacologies and parasitologies studies on Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves in order to develop a further drug antiparasitic subsequently