[en] The NORM industries must apply the Envionmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127), Safety Act and Occupational Safety and Health Act (514), Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304) and others related act depend on the industries nature and situation.

[en] Naturally occuring radioactive material (NORM) is everywhere. Besides we exposed to it every day. It found in our food, body, places we live, workplaces and in product we used. NORM elements such as uranium, radium and radon are dissolved in very low concentrations during normal reaction which is between water and rock. Uncontrolled work activitities involving NORM can lead to unwanted exposure and also risk to environment and human health. The general principles of protection against the hazard or ionizing radiation are by improved the best working practices at NORM working areas.

[en] Naturally Occuring Radioactive Materials (NORM) originates in the earth crust. We come in contact with NORM everyday and it also become a part of our lives. There is also industries that processing the NORM materials to develop the country technology and economy. Therefore, it is important for us to learn and know some issues which related to NORM.

[en] NORM is the acronym for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material. Besides, it is potentially includes all radioactive elements found in the environment. There is a lot of industries processing the material which contain NORM for the technological and economical progress. Long-lived radioactive elements which is for example like uranium, thorium and potassium and any of their decay products, such as radium and radon are examples of NORM. Therefore, it is important for the public to know about it. This book also deliver an understanding and awareness to the public as welll to those who involve in NORM technical field. The law, policies and safe management of radioactive wastes also been discussed by the authors.

[en] Mineral and ore usually contain uranium and thorium series. This material able to produce such a strong penetration of gamma radiation. Therefore it is compulsory for the workers which involved in the radiation field use the Thermoluminescent Dosimeter (TLD). This is because the TLD badges are used to detect radiation at levels that can be harmful to human. Besides of that the workers also need to wear the the right protective clothing to reduces the radiation exposure.

[en] This chapter covers on industries that related to Naturally Occuring Radioactive Material (NORM) such as ore and mineral mining, ore melting and also natural gas. In this topic, the authors explained on ore processing, products of mineral processing industry which consist thorium, uranium and non radioactive material. The uranium and thorium sources will only increase if there is more ore and mineral which contain reasonable radioactive materials concentration been procesed.

[en] Interestingly, in this chapter. the authors discussed about radionuclied, radioactive half life, ionizing radiation and also radiation doses. Besides of the authors also explained on the uses of radiation in medicine industry which the most well known use is X-ray machine. There are numerous devices used to measure ionizing radiation. For example is such as thermoluminescent dosimeter or TLD which measuring the intensity of visible light emmited from a crystal in the detector when the crystal is heated. Meanwhile, survey meters are portable radiation detection used to check personal, equipment and facilities.