[en] Irradiation of Streptocid, norsulfazole, and Phthalazol (phthalylsulfathiazole) in doses of up to 5 Mrads did not have any substantial effect on their physicochemical, antimicrobial, or toxicological properties. (author)

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] Problems of functioning of ion-selective membranes on the base of neutral complexones (valinomycin etc.) and the role of a radioactive tracer technique for investigating them are considered. The data are presented as obtained by some authobrs using radioactive isotopes while studying sorption of ions of different charge signs by membranes, as well as ion and complexone transport in membranes when an electric field is applied to systems containing electrolytes differing in the nature. Hypotheses are discussed explaining the nature of a high cation selectivity of membranes in solutions including hydrophilic anions and violation of the cation function in solution with lipophilic anion

[en] One hundred two long-term survivors of childhood cancers with second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) were collected from 10 institutions. Forty-seven cases fulfilling study criteria were studied to determine the risk of developing a SMN in irradiated fields after exposure to various chemotherapeutic agents. The case control method was used. The risk of developing such tumors was decreased by a factor of 7 in patients receiving actinomycin-D (AMD). The protective effect of AMD was more pronounced in patients receiving repeated courses of the agent. No change in relative risk was found for children given antifolates, the vinca alkaloids, or alkylating agents. AMD protection is an unexpected finding because the agent is an oncogen in animals and an enhancer of radiation, the latter being a known carcinogen. Possible mechanisms, which remain speculative, are discussed. These results indicate the need for careful long-term observation of cancer survivors to gain understanding of the late effects of multimodal treatments

[en] Penetration and translocation of ³H-labelled dihydrestreptomycinsesquisulfate in plant tissue were investigated by autoradiography and liquid scintillation counting. The antibiotic is translocated upwards with the transpiration stream and on a smaller scale downwards with the assimilates. The addition of CaCl₂ or MnCl₂ increased the absorption. Adjuvants such as glycerol, emulsified oil or surfactants also improved the movement of ³H-DHS. (orig.)

[en] Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic that acts by inhibiting protein synthesize. One of chloramphenicol dosage form which widely found in the marketplace is eyedrop. Drug storage will affect drug stability. This research aimed to know the effect of temperature and length of storage to chloramphenicol eye drop’s concentration. Analysis of chloramphenicol concentration in eyedrops was done by UV spectrophotometry. This analysis was done to eyedrops after stored 0; 7; 21; and 30 days unsealed with various storage condition: under the sunlight, room temperature, and refrigerated. Data obtained was analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA with 95% CI by SPSS for windows software. The result showed that the concentration of chloramphenicol eyedrop before stored was to meet the requirements which were 95.96%. The result of chloramphenicol concentration in eyedrop after stored 30 days in 3 storage condition was reduced significantly. While sunlight and storage temperature did not affect the reduction of chloramphenicol concentration significantly. (paper)

[en] The distribution of ₁₄C-labelled chloramphenicol after oral and intravenous administration to egg laying Japanese quail was studied by whole-body autoradiography. In the liver, kidneys, gizzard, intestinal contents (bile) and oviduct, the ¹⁴C-concentration was higher than that of the blood short time after injection and remained higher than the blood up to 4 days. From 4 hrs, the concentration of ¹⁴C in the egg yolks was higher than that of the blood and from 24 hrs the radioactivity in the albumen of the eggs in the oviduct was also higher than that of the blood. The peak concentration in the egg yolk was found in the second egg laid 2-4 days after administration of ¹⁴C-chloramphenicol. In the albumen the maximum concentration was found in the first laid egg 24-48 hrs after administration. In the egg yolks, about 30% of the radioactivity represented unchanged chloramphenicol up to 5 days after administration. It was also shown that about 5% of the injected ¹⁴c-chloramphenicol was exhaled as ¹⁴CO₂ during the first 12 hrs and about 37% of the dose was excreted in the combined faeces and urine during the same period of time. (author)

No abstract available

[en] This paper reports on the toxicity and responses to the combination of vincristine and adriamycin given as a three-day constant infusion in patients with neuroectodermal tumors, Wilms' tumor and hepatoblastoma who have failed to respond to, or who relapsed after, prior treatment with drug combinations including bolus vincristine and adriamycin and radiation therapy

[en] 1. Phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide 4-methoxybenzyl ester was labelled with ³H in its 2-β-methyl group. Its specific radioactivity was 362mCi/mmol. 2. Removal of the side chain of this compound yielded the corresponding ester of 6-aminopenicillanic acid sulphoxide and coupling of the latter with the appropriate protected α-aminoadipic acid gave 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonylisopenicillin N sulphoxide di-4-methoxybenzyl ester or the corresponding derivative of penicillin N. 3. Removal of the protective groups by hydrogenolysis and reduction of the sulphoxide group yielded ³H-labelled isopenicillin N or penicillin N. 4. ³H-labelled phenoxymethylpenicillin sulphoxide was obtained by hydrogenolysis from its 4-methoxybenzyl ester. Reducton of its sulphoxide group and subsequent removal of the side chain gave ³H-labelled 6-aminopenicillanic acid. (author)