[en] The development and use of bubble chambers and spark chambers in the 1950s form the main thrust of this article, the bubble chamber as an example of ''image-producing'' instruments and the spark chamber as a ''logic'' device. Work on a cloud chamber by Glaser led to the development of the bubble chamber detector using liquid hydrogen, which was later linked to a computer for accurate automatic track analysis. It made possible demonstrations of the existence of a particle or interaction. Spark chambers were easier to build and so soon became common, various types being developed across the world. The development of spark chambers originated in the need for timing devices for the Manhattan Project, but work on their design occurred in a number of units worldwide. (UK)

No abstract available

[en] A comprehensive introduction to cryogenic detector developments for particle physics is presented, covering conventional detectors cooled to low temperature (scintillators and semiconductors), superconductive and thermal sensitive devices, as well as the basics of cold electronics. After giving a critical overview of current work, we elaborate on possible new ways for further improvements and briefly evaluate the feasibility of the main proposed applications

[en] An outlook on the relevant progresses in the development of the cryogenic detectors that has been made over the past few years will be presented. I will discuss some of their applications to the passive physics experiments. The perspectives of future applications to the analytical instrumentation will be briefly considered

[en] Applications of cryogenic techniques in accelerators, bubble chambers, preparation of dense targets, low temperature irradiation studies and low temperature neutron moderators are briefly discussed. (M.G.B.)

[en] This paper describes hardware and software elements for the monitoring of the MIRABELLE hydrogen bubble chamber by means of a minicomputer T 1600 telemecanique. The chamber, which was not initially designed for this type of monitoring requires the use of particular peripheral devices in order to measure the different types of signals. The control method of the parameters facilitates frequent consultation as well as sufficient and significant storage on non-saturating cyclic buffers. The tasks at the chamber operator's disposal, often deduced from previous procedures, enable an evolutionary and easy operation of the processes. (Auth.)

[en] Results of a systematic study of operating conditions for holographic image recording in a heavy liquid rapid cycling bubble chamber are presented. We find that the limiting phenomenon is the turbulence generated by the growth and recompression of the bubbles. To minimize this effect it is necessary to operate the chamber at high temperature where the bubble growth is slow. A total of 40,000 useful holograms were recorded in the NA25 experiment at CERN. Typical running conditions were 10 Hz cycling rate, 80 beam tracks per expansion and a bubble density of 95 bubbles per cm. The bubble diameter was 12 μm. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] On the base of analysing the defects of traditional systems for film information processing available in JINR the principles of organization of the automatic system, the introduction of which allows one to rise substantially the speed of the experimental data analysis owing to sharp reducing a number of manual operations and more intense use of computers have been elaborated. The purpose of the system is organization of data processing control by computer with conservation for users only control functions and performing a small part of operations which owing to the specific character cannot be realized by the computer. The main principles of the system organization are checked in the course of processing of data obtained in the ³Hep-experiment at the one-meter hydrogen liquid bubble chamber

[en] Principal considerations as to the choice of schemes and basic parameters of optical system for reconstruction of the Lyudmila hydrogen bubble chamber are presented. Optical systems and versions of its parameters are described. The autoreflexive system of a backfield illumination is considered which provides for the removal of a patch of light of light source from glass-illuminator. Requirements for the construction of bubble chamber and orientation mark system are discussed