[en] The efficacy of hyperthermia for malignancies depend on various vasophsiological factors in the tumor, Such as pH, blood flow and oxygen tension. The present animal experiment was performed to ascertain how the effect of hyperthermia can be enhanced by administration of hydralazine (HYD), a vasodilator, which is known to decrease the local blood flow selectively and accordingly, decelerate thermal diffusion in the tumor. HYD (2-5mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 20 min before hyperthermia, which was done for 20-30 min at. 43 .deg. C by the use of a thermo-static water bath. The tumor quadrupling time was 4.5 days in the untreated FM3A group, 5.4 days in the HYD treated FM3A group, 8.5 days in the heat alone FM3A group and 11.2 days in the HYD plus heat treated FM3A group. Those in the respective SCC- VII group were 7.7 days, 9.0 days , 11.1 days and 14.0 days respectively. The enhancement ratio was 2.48 in the treatment for FM3A tumor and 1.81 in the treatment for SCC- VII tumor. Thus, these results indicate that HYD can increase the therapeutic efficiency of local hyperthermia treatment by inducing the change of microenvironment i.e. low pH, tumor hypoxia, deficient nutrition secondary to blood flow diminution which increase the sensitivity of tumor to heat

[en] This paper reviews recent experience with drugs that have been found to increase blood flow in tumours and to sensitize them to radiation. (UK)

No abstract available

[en] Short note

[en] Syntheses of |24-¹⁴C|3β,20xi-dihydroxy-23-norchol-5-enoic acid, |24-¹⁴C|3β20xi-dihydroxy-23-norcholanoic acid and |24-¹⁴C|20xi-hydroxy-3-oxo-23-norchol-4-enoic acid were accomplished by the reaction of ethyl |1-¹⁴C|bromoacetate in Reformatsky conditions, with suitable 20-keto-pregnane derivatives. Dehydration of these products afforded |24-¹⁴C|3β-hydroxy-23-norchola-5,20(22)E-dienoic acid, |24-¹⁴C|3β-hydroxy-23-norchol-20(22)E-enoic acid and |24-¹⁴C|3-oxo-23-norchola-4,20(22)E-dienoic acid respectively. The products were characterized by spectroscopic (IR, ¹H NMR, MS) methods. (author)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] We describe the occurrence of sudden severe bronchospasm and respiratory arrest following dipyridamole infusion in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease predominantly of the emphysematous type. The severe reaction was unexpected because the patient had tolerated well withdrawal of aminophylline derivatives for 48 hours and was receiving chronic prednisone 20 mg qd. Although the diagnostic and prognostic gains from dipyridamole imaging far outweigh the small risk associated with the test, patients with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease must be closely monitored during thallium-dipyridamole imaging

[en] Background: Spinal anaesthesia causes hypotension that is countered through various methods. Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor and haemocoel increases the intravascular vascular volume; both have an effect in preventing this hypotension; but their comparison has not been done in local setting. Methods: Randomized control trial was conducted in month of June, 2017 at Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. Block randomization with sealed envelopes was employed. Sample size was set at 90. Two equal groups were formed; Group A received 500 ml of haemocoel before spinal anaesthesia administration and Group B received 300µg of phenylephrine in 100ml infusion over 3 minutes. Results: An average drop of 8.2 mmHg, 9.7 mmHg and 3.1 mmHg in MAP was observed in Group A participants at 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes respectively after spinal anaesthesia. In Group B, an average drop of 1.2mmHg was observed in first 5 minutes. MAP did not change significantly from this value throughout the monitoring period. There was a drop of 1.2 mmHg at 5 minutes in group B. After this, no further drop in blood pressure was observed. Conclusion: Phenylephrine infusion is better than haemocoel preload in preventing hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia. (author)

[en] The stability of captopril in powder papers under three different storage conditions was determined. Captopril 12.5-mg tablets were triturated with lactose to a final concentration of 2 mg of captopril in 100 mg of powder. A total of 240 powder papers were prepared and stored in class A prescription vials (80 papers), 002G plastic zip-lock bags (80 papers), and Moisture Proof Barrier Bags (80 papers). Immediately after preparation and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks of storage at room temperature, powder papers under each storage condition were reweighed and the contents were assayed for captopril concentration by a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic method. More than 90% of the initial captopril concentration was retained under all storage conditions during the first 12 weeks of the study. Captopril disulfide, a degradation product, was detected in one sample stored in a plastic zip-lock bag at 24 weeks. Captopril was stable for the entire 24-week period in powder papers stored in either the class A prescription vial or the Moisture Proof Barrier Bag. Captopril in powder papers is stable for at least 12 weeks when stored at room temperature under all three storage conditions