No abstract available

[en] Stated are data on the effect of steel microalloying with varions rare earth metals (cerium, lanthanum, neodimium, their complexes), niobium, zirconium and boron on a fine crystalline structure, a degree of purification from deleterious impurities as well as on steel properties. The inverstigations into microalloying of structural complex-alloyed steels have shown, that ductility (delta, psi) and impact strength (asub(H)) of the steel increase considerably. Microalloying affects significantly heat resistance, thermal fatigue and other specifie properties of steel. The results of investigation into durability of the Kh18N10 austenitic steel under effect of microalloying with niobium, zirvonium and lanthanum have shown that multiple increase in steel long-term rupbure strength can be reached. A conclusion is drawn, that niobium and zirconium affect considerably steel quality owing to grain boundary strengthning. Besides that zirconium oxides (baddelieyte) constibute the surpaces prepared for steel crystallization. Combined microalloying with boron and cerium results in considerable increase of the time to rupture. At the same time the crack initiation is hampered two-three times on cyclic heatings

[en] The effect of some machining methods of carbon steel, chromium steel, and chromium nickel steel, and that of low temperatures on the principle characteristics of formability during impact bending in air and a surface-active environment have been studied. The temperature decrease from the ambient to -80 deg is shown to reduce steel formability as evaluated by deflection (f) and to increase the forming force. The variation of these characteristics with lowering temperature, however, is greatly affected by machining process conditions. The FRHT (Friction-Hardening Treatment) on the white layer assures minimum ductility losses, and increases steel strength at low temperatures both in air and in the surface-active environment

[en] Experiments were conducted on several low-alloy and C steels. The effects of air cooling and mold cooling and the relations of solidification time to soaking time in the mold were detected. Calculations and experimental data showed that the soaking time for maximum acceleration of solidification was=15 min. for 3.5-ton ingots. The hardening rates for air and water cooling after soaking in the mold did not differ greatly. Shielded cooling requires more complex equipment, but provides better working conditions and improves the plasticity of some stainless steels. The sizes of sulfide inclusions decreased uniformly from top to bottom of the ingots and they were smaller than in the controls. Mechanical properties were detected 12-18 and 50% from the tops of the ingots of steels 35KhGSA, 25KhGT, and 50A hardened by the method described and by the usual methods. The new method increased the elongation reduction in area, and impact strength, especially the latter, except for the C steel ductility; the yield and tensile strengths were about the same. The anisotropy of the mechanical properties was considerably reduced, the macrostructure was improved, the residence time in the mold was decreased, and the mold-wall thickness can be decreased 33-5-%

No abstract available

[en] The oxidation mechanisms of a stainless steel in the presence of oxygen and steam are compared. (E.G.)

No abstract available

[en] The uniformity of experimental distribution of temporary strength and complete neck-down for the 40, 40Kh, and 40KhN steels is investigated. It is established that experimental distribution of mechanic properties characteristics connected with neck formation during extension tests is non-uniform and represents the composition of two distributions. The principle of revealing distribution summands is suggested. The shift of mean values of temporary strength and neck down for the 40, 40Kh, and 40 KhN steels is established

No abstract available

[en] The sixth plenary session of the 'Steel and non-metallic inclusions' seminar held in Volgograd in July of 1976 dealt, primarily with the application of rare-earth REM and alkaline earth AEM metals in metallurgy. The following problems were discussed: REM sources, alloyages with REM and AEM rational methods of producing them, industrial application of REM in metallurgy, the effect of REM on the quality of steel and the physicochemical nature of at effect. The seminar ended with a summary of the discussion and recommendations as to the areas of application of REM in metallurgy, as well as a summary of the basic requirements to be met in employing those metals in any field of metallurgy