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AbstractAbstract
[en] Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of a number of important energy technologies that have a contribution to make in the mitigation of the threat of Climate Change. This paper reports on the Earth Centre's efforts to promote sustainable technology's, focusing on the development of the Solar Canopy, a building integrated PV project due to be completed in July 2000. (author)
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Sayigh, A.A.M. (ed.); 717 p; ISBN 0 080 43865 2;
; 2000; p. 456-460; Pergamon; Oxford (United Kingdom); 6. world renewable energy congress; Brighton (United Kingdom); 1-7 Jul 2000

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AbstractAbstract
[en] A procedure for assessing the techno-economic viability of solar thermal systems in a dynamic economic environment is developed. It is shown analytically that the period for replacement of these systems depends upon the nature of their use. While determining investment viability, it is necessary to ascertain the exact life of the system. The life of a solar thermal system for non-commercial use is determined by optimum life for replacement, which is not influenced by energy inflation and energy saved. It is a function of maintenance cost and decreases with increases with increase in maintenance cost. For commercial purposes, the lifetime of the system is governed by optimum return on investment mode (Ζ), which is a strong function of energy inflation and energy saved per unit capital cost. (author)
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Gazbour, Nouha
Universite de Grenoble Alpes, 621 Av. Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Heres (France); CEA, DRT-DTS (France)2019
Universite de Grenoble Alpes, 621 Av. Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Heres (France); CEA, DRT-DTS (France)2019
AbstractAbstract
[en] Faced with current environmental challenges, investing in renewable energies in the name of the 'energy transition' is the alternative most adopted by many countries. Renewable energies, in particular photovoltaic solar (PV) energy, have thus become innovative and competitive sectors in full expansion. In this context, it is therefore necessary to ensure that new PV technologies, which are complex and the result of several manufacturing stages, meet the criteria of a product with low environmental impact, referred here as eco-designed. The state of the art on eco-design shows that the consideration of environmental constraints in R and D projects with low TRL 'Technology Readiness Level' is still an emerging phenomenon, for two main reasons. On the one hand, environmental impact assessment is relatively complex for a non-mature technology under development (TRL low) because its characteristics and manufacturing processes are not yet fully defined. On the other hand, the identified tools in the literature have several limitations that impede their appropriation in R and D organizations. This research work therefore aims to develop a methodology to enable the sustainable integration of eco-design into R and D organizations, supporting their industrial partners in innovation and competitiveness. Thus, the developed method is based on the estimation of the evolution rate of technical, economic and environmental criteria of a new technology (low TRL) through a specific database of reference. The construction of the database relies on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), used as a management tool to provide reliable results, despite the low TRL level.To integrate this approach into R and D organizations in a sustainable way, the method developed was implemented in a software 'ECO PV' dedicated to crystalline silicon PV systems, which represent more than 94% of the current PV market today. Based on the principle of democratization of environmental knowledge and capitalization of information, this tool is accessible not only to LCA experts but also to all engineers in the PV field. Finally, this research work enabled to generate reliable, simple and quantified results and to develop an eco-design methodology to guide the technological choices of projects in the upstream phases of R and D, in order to develop PV systems more environmentally friendly. (author)
[fr]
Face aux enjeux environnementaux actuels, s'investir dans les energies renouvelables au nom de la 'transition energetique' est l'alternative la plus adoptee par de nombreux pays. Les energies renouvelables, en particulier l'energie photovoltaique, sont ainsi devenues des secteurs concurrentiels innovants en pleine expansion. Dans ce contexte, il est donc necessaire de s'assurer que les nouvelles technologies PV, qui sont complexes et issues de plusieurs etapes de fabrication, repondent aux criteres d'un produit peu impactant pour l'environnement, denomme ici eco-concu. L'etat de l'art sur l'eco-conception montre que la prise en compte des contraintes environnementales dans les projets de R et D a echelle TRL 'Technology Readiness Level' bas est encore un phenomene emergent, pour les raisons suivantes: d'une part l'evaluation de l'impact environnemental est relativement complexe pour une technologie non mature en cours de developpement (TRL bas); ses caracteristiques et procedes de fabrication n'etant pas encore tous connus; d'autre part les outils identifies presentent plusieurs ecueils qui limitent leur integration dans les organismes PV de R et D.Ce travail de recherche vise donc a developper une methodologie pour permettre l'integration perenne de l'eco-conception dans les organismes de R et D, pour accompagner leurs partenaires industriels dans leur effort d'innovation et de competitivite. La methode developpee est ainsi basee sur le principe d'estimation des taux d'evolutions techniques, economiques et environnementales d'une nouvelle technologie (TRL bas) par l'intermediaire d'une base de donnees de reference. La construction de cette derniere s'appuie sur l'Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV) comme outil de pilotage pour fournir des resultats fiables, malgre le faible niveau TRL. Pour integrer de facon perenne cette approche au sein des organismes de R et D, la methode developpee a ete implementee dans un outil informatique 'ECO PV' dedie aux systemes PV en silicium cristallin, qui constituent plus de 90% du marche PV actuel. Base sur le principe de democratisation des connaissances environnementales et de la capitalisation des informations, cet outil est accessible non seulement aux experts en ACV mais aussi a l'ensemble des ingenieurs du domaine PV.Ce travail de recherche a enfin permis d'une part de generer des premiers resultats a la fois fiables, simples et quantifies, et de developper une methodologie d'eco-conception pour orienter les choix technologiques des projets dans les phases amont de R et D, afin de developper des systemes PV plus respectueux de l'environnementOriginal Title
Integration systemique de l'eco-conception des la phase de R et D des technologies photovoltaiques
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14 Feb 2019; 215 p; 163 refs.; Available from the INIS Liaison Officer for France, see the INIS website for current contact and E-mail addresses; Genie Electrique
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The paper comments on published and projected thermionic-energy-conversion (TEC) performance trends. This commentary includes graphs and an appendix relating TEC performance parameters, plots of predicted and actual TEC trends, a figure relating projected cost of electricity to overall efficiency for TEC topping, and a discussion of the implications of these relationships
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1979; 26 p; NASA, Lewis Research Center; Cleveland, OH; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, International conference on Plasma Science; Montreal (Canada); 4 - 6 Jun 1979
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The future potential for solar thermal electric power plants is quite significant. The size of the renewable energy resource base for the United States of America alone is almost 500 times its current primary energy consumption. Unfortunately, the levels of current utilization are quite small. Why have these technologies not made a larger contribution to today's market? The answer is that significant barriers still exist. (orig.)
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5. international symposium on solar high-temperature technologies; Davos (Switzerland); 27-31 Aug 1990; CONF--9008139-
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AbstractAbstract
[en] At the beginning of the seventies the USA, the UdSSR, France and the FRG were very busy developing thermionic reactors, especially for astronautics. In the meantime it has gone quiet again around thermionic direct conversion of energy. Only in the UdSSR the development of the thermionic reactor for this purpose is continued while other groups which have remained active in the field of thermionics, e.g. the DFVLR-group in Stuttgart, have now turned to terrestrial applications of this conversion of energy, unconnected with nuclear reactors. (orig./LN)
[de]
Anfang der siebziger Jahre wurden in den USA, der UdSSR, Frankreich und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit grosser Aktivitaet Entwicklungen an Thermionikreaktoren vorwiegend fuer Raumfahrtanwendungen betrieben. In der Zwischenzeit ist es aber um die thermionische Energiedirektumwandlung wieder recht still geworden. Lediglich in der UdSSR finden weiterhin Entwicklungen an Thermionikreaktoren fuer diese Zwecke statt, waehrend die anderen auf dem Thermionikgebiet aktiv gebliebenen Gruppen, wie auch die Stuttgarter DFVLR-Gruppe, sich derzeit um terrestrische, vorwiegend nicht im Zusammenhang mit Kernreaktoren stehende Anwendungen dieser Energieumwandlungsart bemuehen. (orig.)Original Title
Stand der thermionischen Energiedirektumwandlung
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2 figs.
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Umschau in Wissenschaft und Technik; v. 75(18); p. 577-578
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The thermopower of asymmetrical quantum wires and constrictions in an arbitrarily directed magnetic field is investigated. An analytic expression convenient for analysing the thermopower is obtained. The oscillations in the thermopower are studied. It is shown that the thermopower as a function of a magnetic field can undergo Aharonov-Bohm and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations
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S0953-8984(04)85879-X; Available online at http://stacks.iop.org/0953-8984/16/8015/cm4_45_023.pdf or at the Web site for the Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter (ISSN 1361-648X) http://www.iop.org/; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The use of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) to generate electricity is one of the methods proposed to utilize renewable energy and to protect the environment. In this study, simulations were performed to investigate the effect of weather conditions in the Ulsan region, Korea, on the efficiency of a solar heating OTEC (SH OTEC) system. This system utilizes solar thermal energy as the secondary heat source. Various working fluids were also simulated to select one that is suitable for this system. The results showed that R152A, R600, and R600A, in that order, were the most suitable working fluids. The effective area of the solar collector for a 20 .deg. C increase in the collector outlet temperature fluctuated from 50 to 97m'2' owing to the change in the monthly average solar gain. The annual average efficiency of the SH OTEC increases to 6.23%, compared to that of a typical conventional OTEC, which is 2-4%
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10 refs, 10 figs, 2 tabs
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Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers. B; ISSN 1226-4881;
; v. 37(1); p. 43-49

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Jones, G.J.
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Funding organisation: USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)1991
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Funding organisation: USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)1991
AbstractAbstract
[en] Photovoltaic energy systems have historically been treated as a bulk power generation source for the future. However, utilities and other agencies involved with electrification throughout the world are beginning to find photovoltaics a least-cost option to meet specific loads both for themselves and their customers, in both off-grid and grid-connected applications. These expanding markets offer the potential of hundreds of megawatts of sales in the coming decade, but a strategy addressing both industrial growth and user acceptance is necessary to capitalize on this opportunity. 11 refs
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1991; 8 p; 6. international photovoltaic science and engineering conference; New Delhi (India); 10-14 Feb 1992; CONF-920227--1; CONTRACT AC04-76DP00789; OSTI as DE92004735; NTIS; INIS; US Govt. Printing Office Dep
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[en] TTL Dynamics, UK has developed in collaboration with Australian-based Orion Energy a highly performant hybrid solar turbine. Its simplicity resulted in substantially reduced maintenance cost and longevity compared with traditional diesel generators. It is claimed to cost only a fraction of the installation cost of a similar output photovoltaic system and have wider applicability than wind turbines
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Journal Article
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Australian Energy News; ISSN 1327-0745;
; (no.16); p. 24

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