No abstract available

[en] In this paper the authors describe a CDC-Cyber 74 program for computer simulation of the evolution of a system consisting of a large number of objects in orbit around a central body or primary. Some preliminary tests done with the program are also described. (Auth.)

[en] Parallel flats fractions for the 3/sup n/ factorial provide near-othogonal designs for which sets of treatment combinations (flats) can be run sequentially with analysis after each flat. For the 3/sup n/ factoral the number of parameters involved including the mean, main effects, and a two-factor interactions is 1 + 2n + 4(/sup n/₂) = 1 + 2n². In most applications a relatively small number of these will be significant, and a design which will produce a good fit in relatively few runs is desired. The concepts and the sequential analysis are illustrated using a 3⁴ example and a 3⁶ example. Potential areas of application of these designs are discussed. 5 tables

[en] Highlights: • πScope provides great enhancement in MDSplus data visualization. • πScope provides a single platform for both data browsing and complicated analysis. • πScope is scriptable and easily expandable due to its object oriented. • πScope is written in python and available from (http://piscope.psfc.mit.edu/). - Abstract: A newly developed python based scientific data analysis and visualization tool, πScope ( (http://piscope.psfc.mit.edu)), is reported. The primary motivation is 1) to provide an updated tool to browse the MDSplus data beyond existing dwscope/jScope and 2) to realize a universal foundation to construct interface tools to perform computer modeling from experimental data. To visualize MDSplus data, πScope has many features including overplotting different signals and discharges, generating various plot types (line, contour, image, etc.), performing in-panel data analysis using python scripts, and producing publication quality graphics. The logic to generate multi-panel plots is designed to be backward compatible with dwscope, enabling smooth migration for users. πScope uses multi-threading in data loading, and is easy to modify and expand due to its object-oriented design. Furthermore, A user can access the data structure both from a GUI and a script, enabling relatively complex data analysis workflow built quickly on πScope.

[en] Experimental facilities like synchrotrons and free electron lasers, often aim at well defined data workflows tightly integrated with their control systems. Still such facilities are also service providers to visiting scientists. The hosted researchers often have requirements different than those present in the established processes. The most evident needs are those for flexible experimental data visualisation, rapid prototyping of analysis methods, and electronic logbook services. This paper reports on the development of a software system, collectively referred to as DonkiTools, that aims at satisfying the aforementioned needs for the synchrotron Elettra and the free electron laser FERMI. The design strategy is outlined and includes topics regarding: dynamic data visualisation, Python scripting of analysis methods, integration with the TANGO distributed control system, electronic logbook with automated metadata reporting, usability, customization, and extensibility. Finally a use case presents a full deployment of the system, integrated with the FermiDAQ data collection system, in the free electron laser beamline EIS-TIMEX. (author)

[en] Equations are proposed for calculating build-up factors for net energy fluence rate and for absorbed dose rate. In low Z materials the exposure build-up factor is approximately equal to the absorbed dose rate build-up factor and in high Z material to the energy fluence rate build-up factor. The accuracy obtained from various proposed equations under different conditions is discussed. (author)

[en] The results obtained by determining the irradiation dose during the spaceflights of Apollo as well as the Sojouz-3 and Sojouz-9 spacecrafts have been compared in the form of tables. In case of Apollo astronauts the irradiation dose was determined by two methods and its sources were also pointed out, in tables. During Sojouz spacetravels the cosmonauts were exposed to a negligible dose. In spite of this fact the radiation danger is considerable. The small irradiation doses noticed so far are due to the fact that during the spaceflights there was no big proturberance. However, during the future long-range spacetravels a better radiation shielding than the one used up to now will be necessary. (P.J.)

[en] Possibilities to reduce radiation exposure during X-ray examinations are limited by the fact that the fluctuation of brilliance at the output screen of the picture amplifier must not reach the limit that would disturb the doctor's diagnostic work. The physical processes influencing the image formation have been studied. On the basis of theoretical calculations the noise sources of the picture amplifier has been determined, their effects have been analyzed and formulas, by which noise amplitudes may be given, have been deduced. A method to evaluate the X-ray photon current density has been given. (P.J.)

[en] Basic considerations indicate that the quality factor employed in radiation protection should not be based on LET but on lineal energy as corrected for saturation effects. The numerical relation proposed results in a sharp increase of the quality factor to take account of wide variations in effectiveness of the various ionizing radiations at doses and dose rates that are of primary concern in radiation protection

[en] Reports submitted to the ''Future of electric power transmission and systems'' committee in August 1978 are surveyed. The reports treat global aspects of power generation, demand and supply in the world up to 2020. The discussion is conducted in two nest regions: developed capitalist countries, countries with centralized planning economy and developing countries. In the forecasted structures of world primary energy sources production and electricity generation the most radical changes are expected to be on the part of nuclear power. Its share in the world energy balance amounted to less than 1% in 1975 and is forecasted to reach 4% by 1980, 13% by 2000 and exceed 30% by 2020. By 2000 electricity generation at NPP's will increase, as expected, to 40% of the total electricity produced in the world, and by 2020-to 64%. The necessary installed nuclear capacity corresponds to 1.3-1.5 and 4.5-5.5 TW(e) respectively. Radioactive wastes and nuclear non-proliferation problems are treated as the major problems of nuclear power. In the opinion of some authors the complexity of economic, ecological and social polytical problems arising in realization of long-term nuclear power development programmes demands for more distan forecasting, and the 42-year period (1978-2020) appears to be short