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[en] The structural analysis of dynamically excited piping systems as performed with the numerical method of Finite Elements (FE) is usually based on simple beam elements. However, in order to establish their applicability, the computer programs used for the structural analysis must be verified on the basis of large-scale experiments. The behaviour of the extremely endangered elbows is considered with the help of an experimentally and numerically analyzed piping system. The influences of form effects (cross-section ovalization) in the elbows are isolated from the measured total stresses by a new method and their importance for a comparison between experiment and calculation is shown. (orig.)
[de]
Im Rohrleitungsbau und insbesondere in der nuklearen Kraftwerkstechnik, sind die Rohrboegen die am staerksten beanspruchten Konstruktionselemente. Biegemomente, die durch thermische Belastung, schnelles Schliessen von Sicherheitsventilen, Wasserhammer usw. entstehen, belasten die Rohrleitung, wobei die Rohrboegen ihre urspruenglich kreisrunden Querschnitte aendern (Ovalisierung). Diese Eigenschaft der Kruemmerquerschnitte ist der Grund fuer ihre hoehere Flexibilitaet und die zusaetzlichen Spannungen in den Rohrbogenbereichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt eine einfache Naeherungsmethode, welche die Quantifizierung der Ovalisierungseinfluesse in der Rohrleitung auf Grund von Dehnungsmessungen ermoeglicht. Dies erlaubt die Behandlung relevanter Fragen wie die experimentelle Verifizierung von FE-Programmen und -modellen und der entsprechenden Regelwerte fuer Rohrboegen (Korrekturfaktoren fuer Flexibilitaet und Spannung). (orig.)Journal
Forschung im Ingenieurwesen; ISSN 0015-7899; 
; v. 51(1); p. 19-21
; v. 51(1); p. 19-21
[en] A two-fluid, two-dimensional model of the plasma expansion in a divergent magnetic nozzle is used to investigate the effect of the plasma-induced magnetic field on the acceleration and divergence of the plasma jet self-consistently. The induced field is diamagnetic and opposes the applied one, increasing the divergence of the magnetic nozzle and weakening its strength. This has a direct impact on the propulsive performance of the device, the demagnetization and detachment of the plasma, and can lead to the appearance of zero-field points and separatrix surfaces downstream. In contrast, the azimuthal induced field, albeit non-zero, is small in all cases of practical interest. (paper)
Journal
Plasma Sources Science and Technology; ISSN 0963-0252; ; v. 25(4); [9 p.]
; v. 25(4); [9 p.]
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