[en] In the framework of a national protocol the new E85 composed of 85% of ethanol and 15% of gasoline SP95 has been implemented in the Marne on Flex Fuel vehicles for an experimentation. The document presents the government policy in favor of the biofuels, the E85, the fabrication processus of the ethanol, the biofuels channel in France, the Flex Fuel technology, the experimentation protocol and the implementing of the fleet in the Marne department. (A.L.B.)

[en] A study concerning the real possibilities of establishing in Colombia a broad program about the use of ethanol and gasoline in mixtures as an automotive fuel is described. Based in the use of sugar cane as the raw material, environmental, social-economical and technical effects are discussed

[en] The paper presents a general concept of a hybrid propulsion system, based on an SI internal combustion engine fueled by methanol dissociation products (MDP). The proposed hybrid propulsion scheme is a series hybrid, which allows the engine to be operated in an on-off mode at constant optimal regime. The engine is fed by gaseous products of methanol dissociation (mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide) emerging from an on-board catalytic reformer. The general scheme and base operation features of the propulsion system are described. The benefits that may be achieved by combining the well-known idea of on-board methanol dissociation with the hybrid vehicle concept are discussed. The proposed scheme is compared with those of systems operating on gasoline, liquid methanol, hydrogen and also with the multi-regime (not hybrid) engine fed by MDP

[en] Modern industry originates in a change of feedstock, the result of a never-ending quest for a better, cheaper raw material. In the origin, there was coal, a source of both energy and industrial feedstock, the so-called synthesis gas. Then, coal was replaced by liquid hydrocarbons, coming from a refinery or from wells of crude oil and gas. The passage from solid to liquids was part and parcel of a structural change which has produced an extraordinary acceleration of economic growth. We might hope that the same will happen when natural gas will comes in to displace the liquids. New feedstocks do not come in without a fight. It is not only a matter of price, but also of technology, and of the natural tendency of industries to protect their own investments in plants which are all of a sudden made to look old. Rather than repeat for the 'nth' time the list of technologies which can turn natural gas into a basic feedstock for oil and petrochemical industries, the author discusses how will companies decide upon this matter

[en] The present work aims at describing some of the most important biofuels (biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, bio-crude-oil). Environmental effects are also presented, as well as some cost data. Europe and USA are compared, when appropriate. The motivations for a justified and beneficial market penetration of biofuels in urban areas are reported

[en] The present work aims at describing some of the most important bio fuels (bio diesel, bio methanol, bi oethanol, bio-crude-oil). Environmental effects are also presented, as well as some cost data. Europe and USA are compared, when appropriate. The motivations for a justified and beneficial market penetration of bio fuels in urban areas are reported

[en] Green growth involves replacing fossil fuels with renewable energies and green hydrogen. But is a 100% renewables model really credible? Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energies are variable in nature and more greatly spread out in geographical terms. While the use of renewables does not raise any particular technological challenges, it does require critical mass or an inordinate amount of equipment. It would therefore be difficult for renewable energies to ever exceed 40% of the electricity mix. Considered as local sources of energy only, they will never reach self-sufficiency, requiring instead thermal support from gas or nuclear power. That is why the solution to the energy transition lies in a hybrid mix

[en] 'Full text:' The earth's population and the standard of living in developing countries are increasing at a greater rate than expected. These factors have influenced climate change which has created serious, problems in the world energy supply and demand. The above factors have caused recent fluctuations in fuel prices and have created much more interest in the production of automotive fuels from renewable and environmental friendly sources. In particular, ethanol from agricultural sources has received more attention by developing countries. In this presentation the topic of ethanol production from various sources with emphasis on its pros and cons and possible production and utilization as an additive to gasoline will be discussed. The merits of ethanol production from certain sources by Canadians are also addressed. (author)

[en] Corn, wheat, sugar cane.. The multiplication of biofuel refineries has led to a rise of the prices of agriculture products. The question is: do we need ethanol? The US situation gives an answer: the offer exceeds the demand and ethanol prices have dropped down. Other environmental and socio-economical consequences of biofuels development are put forward by the UNO, the IMF and by non-governmental organizations who foresee a dramatic rise of food products prices and an aggravation of starvation in developing countries. (J.S.)

[en] This report describes progress the commission and government agencies have made in implementing the provisions of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988, assessing the role of alternative motor fuels in the US transportation sector, and developing policies to promote the use of alternative fuels. The alternative motor-fuels policies proposed in the National Energy Strategy (NES) are described and shows how they compose an effective long-term plan to encourage the widespread use of alternative motor fuels. The progress to date of the Department of Energy (DOE) and other agencies in implementing the programs required by the AMFA is reported. A detailed scenario of future alternative-fuel use that displaces 2.5 million barrels per day (MMBD) of petroleum and a feasible path of vehicle production and fuel supply leading to that goal is described. An analytical tool for exploring and quantifying the energy market impacts of alternative fuels, the Alternative Fuels Trade Model (AFTM), is described. The AFTM provides a means of investigating the impacts of alternative fuels in interrelated world energy markets for petroleum and natural gas. Several major initiatives have recently been enacted that have important ramifications for alternative-fuels policy. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 contain provisions mandating the use of nonpetroleum oxygenates in reformulated gasoline. Other provisions for much more stringent emissions standards may affect the ability of manufacturers to make and sell conventional-fuel vehicles or, at the very least, affect their cost-effectiveness in comparison to cleaner alternative-fuel vehicles (AFV's). Finally, the key areas in which technological advances could substantially improve the competitiveness of AFV technologies in the marketplace are reviewed