[en] In offshore Malaysia, T-junction is installed at the production header as a compact separator to tap produced gas from reservoir as fuel gas for power generation. However, excessive liquid carryover in T-junction presents a serious operational issue because it trips the whole production platform. The primary objective of present study is to numerically investigate the liquid carryover due to formation of slug, subsequently its liquid carryover at different diameter ratio. The analyses were carried out on a model with 0.0254 m (1 inch) diameter horizontal main arm and a vertically upward side arm using Volume of Fluid Method. Three different sides to main arm diameter ratio of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.3 were investigated with different gas and liquid superficial velocities. The results showed that, while the general trend is true that smaller diameter ratio T-junction has lesser liquid take off capacity, it has a very high frequency of low liquid carryover threshold. In other words, under slug flow, smaller diameter ratio T-junction is constantly transporting liquid even though at a lesser volume in comparison to regular T-junction. (paper)

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[en] The article discusses natural gas as an energy source in the next century. If oil was the energy of 20th century, there is a strong indication that natural gas will become the 21st century's lead energy resource, and that it will create the actual bridge to a new energy culture. The long-term Troll contracts enabled Norwegian licensees in the Troll and Sleipner fields to embark on a NOK 120-130 billion venture into investments and new technology developments. Under one of the agreements, Norway will deliver roughly 1.000 billion cubic metres of natural gas over nearly 30 years to the European market. 2 figs

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[en] This paper reports that a free-market approach to energy use, intensified R and D and an emphasis on conservation and clean fuels such as natural gas can result in significant reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases, without any major new federal policy initiatives, according to a new study, An Alternative Energy Future, sponsored by Alliance to Save Energy, AGA and Solar Energy Industries Assn

[en] The contemporary power industry and the energy problem are discussed. It is envisaged that the problem will be solved in three stages, viz. till 2000, 2020 and 2040. The past development of primary energy consumption and forecasts for the future are described. A brief overview is presented of the world's resources of primary energy, including conventional fossil fuel resources, unconventional oil and gas resources, nuclear sources, and renewable primary energy sources. (Z.S.). 3 tabs., 10 figs

[en] This paper reports that present gas supplies are adequate but tightening. An overall supply tightening means that the 1990s will be an exciting and challenging time for the gas business. The author of this paper foresees gas becoming the fuel of the future because of its environmental benefits and its increasing share of the power generation market. New supplies must come from new development, discoveries, or long-haul new sources such as Canadian imports, underutilized Rocky Mountain gas, gas from frontier areas, or LNG. However, the development of these new supplies will depend on gas prices, transportation availability, and access to new exploration areas. Moreover, the author believes something must happen to gas prices to encourage future development; gas burner-tip sales cannot continue below parity with liquid fuels

[en] The forthcoming free market for the energy sector in Europe is discussed. The author (retiring chairman of KVGN) advocates strengthening the collective market position of energy distribution companies and of the total gas sector, e.g. by continuing the combination of gas distribution and gas purchase and by increased tuning of research and market developments. Energy distribution companies have to strengthen the relation with their customers and set explicit quality objectives. The author also supported competition between the different forms of energy on the energy market and the strive of the gas sector to substitute polluting energy carriers, and electricity generated from these low-efficient energy carriers, by gas