[en] An examination is conducted of Europa's cross-cutting structural relationships between various lineament types, in order to constrain the type of structure involved in each such case and, where possible, to also constrain the degree of extension across the lineaments. Evidence is adduced for significant lateral crustal movement, allowing alternative models and mechanisms for lineament formation to be discussed, as well as plausible lithospheric and crustal models. The question as to whether any of the water-ice layer has been, or currently is, liquid, is also treated in light of the evidence obtained. 53 refs

[en] Five uranium deposits of carbonate-siliceous-pelitic type occurred in different geological setting are studied. The geological data suggest that this type of uranium deposits is mostly located in the plunging portions of down-faulted zones. The cause of this kind of occurrence is tentatively discussed. It is proposed that uraniferous strata are the uranium source in deposits. The infiltration under arid climatic conditions promoted the uranium concentration up to ore grade. The mesozoic-cenozoic era which is characterized by the arid climate was the main ore-forming period. The converging condition of ground water in the plunging portions of down-faulted zones was better. Therefore, the plunging portions of down-faulted zones were more favourable for uranium ore formation compared with that of the uplifting portions. The preservation is the most important ore-controlling factor under the neotectonic movement and the plunging portions are the most favourable in this sence. The recognition criteria for the plunging portions of down-faulted zones which can be used in uranium exploration are proposed

[en] In Alborz Mountains, the thickness of sediments in Member 2 of the Mila Formation (Middle Cambrian) underwent dramatic and abrupt deformations, which were accompanied by normal and reverse faults and asymmetrical folds. These deformed sediments are covered by parallel beds both in the upper and lower sides. The existence of such extension and compression structures adjacent to each other indicates the influence of non-tectonic factors in their evolution. These deformations induced by downslope gliding of sediment packages are fully compatible with the dislocation model of Farrell (J Struct Geol 6:727-736, 1984) and Farrell and Eaton (1987). Moreover, the occurrence of synsedimentary deformations in a vast area in Alborz Mountains reinforces the probability of the impact of seismic shocks in their formation. In fact, incessant seismic events in the Middle Cambrian led to numerous submarine slumpings in the sediments of Member 2 of the Mila Formation. (author)

[en] On the flanks of Olympus Mons is a series of terraces, concentrically distributed around the caldera. Their morphology and location suggest that they could be thrust faults caused by compressional failure of the cone. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of faulting and the possible influences of the interior structure of Olympus Mons, the authors have constructed a numerical model for elastic stresses within a Martian volcano. In the absence of internal pressurization, the middle slopes of the cone are subjected to compressional stress, appropriate to the formation of thrust faults. These stresses for Olympus Mons are ∼250 MPa. If a vacant magma chamber is contained within the cone, the region of maximum compressional stress is extended toward the base of the cone. If the magma chamber is pressurized, extensional stresses occur at the summit and on the upper slopes of the cone. For a filled but unpressurized magma chamber, the observed positions of the faults agree well with the calculated region of high compressional stress. Three other volcanoes on Mars, Ascraeus Mons, Arsia Mons, and Pavonis Mons, possess similar terraces. Extending the analysis to other Martian volcanoes, they find that only these three and Olympus Mons have flank stresses that exceed the compressional failure strength of basalt, lending support to the view that the terraces on all four are thrust faults

[en] In order to investigate dynamic characteristics of earth pressure acting on underground walls of embedded structures, earth pressure and acceleration of a building and surrounding ground have been observed at an actual nuclear power plant site. From the observation data, correlation between dynamic earth pressure and seismic ground behavior is confirmed. Relative displacement between the building and ground corresponds well to dynamic earth pressure, and the dynamic earth pressure acts on a loading side for the building. Acceleration responses and dynamic earth pressure calculated by 2-D FEM give good agreement with observation results. (author). 2 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab

[en] The need for interventions in heritage constructions often calls for deciding whether the structure can be kept in the existing conditions or should it be retrofitted by introducing more or less significant modifications. Still, sustainable interventions in heritage constructions can only be achieved if there is adequate knowledge about their state of conservation. To obtain such knowledge, reliable structural survey and diagnosis procedures need to be employed. In this context, structural monitoring can be particularly helpful in cases where the information obtained from the structural survey or from other stages of the analysis is insufficient to establish a final diagnosis. Over the last 15 years, the Construction Institute (IC) and the Laboratory for Earthquake and Structural Engineering (LESE) of the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP) were involved in the survey and monitoring activities o f numerous heritage structures for private institutions as well as for governmental stake-holders managing cultural heritage in Portugal. This work describes the structural survey/diagnosis and the monitoring systems supporting the decision about the need for interventions for three heritage constructions .

[en] By using forthright mathematical treatment, this paper expands the two-dimensional Self-Similar model of faulting proposed by Fukao and Furumoto (1985) in three-dimensions, and explains the energy ratio of α of precursor to main shock, magnitude difference ΔΜ between the main shock and its largest aftershock, and b value in magnitude-frequency relationship. The present model gives α 0.08, ΔΜ = 1.21 and b = 1.5, respectively. These results are more consistent with the observations than the two-dimensional model. (author). 3 refs, 2 figs, 2 tabs

[en] We carried out ESR dating of fault rocks collected near the nuclear reactor. The Upcheon fault zone is exposed close to the Wolsong nuclear reactor. The space-time pattern of fault activity on the Upcheon fault deduced from ESR dating of fault gouge can be summarised as follows: this fault zone was reactivated between fault breccia derived form Cretaceous sandstone and Tertiary volcanic sedimentary rocks about 2 Ma, 1.5 Ma and 1 Ma ago. After those movements, the Upcheon fault was reactivated between Cretaceous sandstone and fault breccia zone about 800 ka ago. This fault zone was reactivated again between fault breccia derived from Cretaceous sandstone and Tertiary volcanic sedimentary rocks about 650 ka and after 125 ka ago. These data suggest that the long-term (200-500 k.y.) cyclic fault activity of the Upcheon fault zone continued into the Pleistocene. Twelve out of eighteen samples collected from the Illkwang fault zone were found to be in ESR saturation. ESR dates of six samples from the main strand and subsidiary faults of the Illkwang fault zone rang from 1,300 to 500 ka. The dates show temporal clustering into 1,300-1,000 ka and 600-500 ka. In the Uljin area, ESR dates from the faults trending NW and EW, NE and NS range between 800 ka and 600 ka BP, 200 ka and 300 ka BP, and 400 ka and 50 ka BP, respectively. One ESR date in the Youngkwang area is 200 ka BP. Concerning the inherent error ranges and applicability margins of ESR method, and limited number and distribution of the fault and fault gouge samples, a further study is necessary to improve the credibility of these ESR results

[en] The followings are the major contents and scope of the research : maps - production of geologic and topographic maps of various scales for Yeongkwang and Uljin area. S/W - update of the previously made geological system. Known problems and functional defects should be upgraded. Homepage - additional information of this year's project

[en] In order to estimate the foundation input motion that is important characteristics on soil-structure interaction, earthquake observations for soil layers have been performed and an approximate method to evaluate the input motion is presented. The input motions for the non-embedded and embedded foundations using observed seismic records are also presented and it is indicated that the embedment effect reduced the horizontal input motion and increase the rotational input motions. (author). 5 refs., 9 figs