[en] To implement the database system of oral and maxillofacial radiological images using a commercial medical image management software with personally developed classification code. The image database was built using a slightly modified commercial medical image management software, Dr. Image v.2.1 (Bit Computer Co., Korea). The function of wild card '*' was added to the search function of this program. Diagnosis classification codes were written as the number at the first three digits, and radiographic technique classification codes as the alphabet right after the diagnosis code. 449 radiological films of 218 cases from January, 2000 to December, 2000, which had been specially stored for the demonstration and education at Dept. of OMF Radiology of Dankook University Dental Hospital, were scanned with each patient information. Cases could be efficiently accessed and analyzed by using the classification code. Search and statistics results were easily obtained according to sex, age, disease diagnosis and radiographic technique. Efficient image management was possible with this image database system. Application of this system to other departments or personal image management can be made possible by utilizing the appropriate classification code system.

[en] A novel, template-based method for face recognition is presented. The goals of the proposed method are to integrate multiple observations for improved robustness and to provide auxiliary confidence data for subsequent use in an automated video surveillance system. The proposed framework consists of a parallel system of classifiers, referred to as observers, where each observer is trained on one face region. The observer outputs are combined to yield the final recognition result. Three of the four confounding factors-expression, illumination, and decoration-are specifically addressed in this paper. The extension of the proposed approach to address the fourth confounding factor-pose-is straightforward and well supported in previous work. A further contribution of the proposed approach is the computation of a revealing confidence measure. This confidence measure will aid the subsequent application of the proposed method to video surveillance scenarios. Results are reported for a database comprising 676 images of 160 subjects under a variety of challenging circumstances. These results indicate significant performance improvements over previous methods and demonstrate the usefulness of the confidence data

[en] The purpose of this article was to determine the amount of cranio-facial asymmetry in normal subject before the analysis of the cranio-facial asymmetry as the result of internal derangement in T.M.J. dysfunction. The author has conducted analysis using Cephalometric P-A reviews of 54 males and 51 females. Following the Grayson's method of measurement, the standard value of cranio-facial asymmetry in normal subject was obtained. 1. Compared with right and left width, asymmetry could be identified in normal subject, although the degree of the difference appears to be small. 2. In male, asymmetric value of contact point of the upper central incisors is 0.76 ± 0.84 mm, that of the lower central incisors is 0.86 ± 0.86 mm, and that of center of genial tubercle is 0.87 ± 1.06 mm. In female, asymmetric value of contact point of the upper central incisors is 1.03 ± 1.29 mm, that of lower incisors is 1.11 ± 1.18 mm, and that of center of genial tubercle is 1.45 ± 2.15 mm. 3. Cranio-facial asymmetry in female is somewhat greater than that of male.

[en] In social dilemmas, cooperation among randomly interacting individuals is often hard to achieve. The situation changes if migration takes place, where game structure jointly evolves with the migration from adverse neighborhoods. Here we introduce a framework combining migration with the individual heterogeneity of migration scopes. When faced with a gloomy outlook, some players prefer vacant sites within their adjacent neighborhoods, while others may migrate within the whole network, provided the sites are empty. Thus, we can make a thorough inquiry of the sustainability of cooperation in a spatially distributed population divided by these two groups, and all possible mixtures between them. Our main result is that small-scope migration and suitable population density can gear up high cooperation levels in the midst of dense populations structured by scale-free networks, while large-scope migration and sparsity favor the cooperator clustering among lattice-structured populations. In this sense, the conditions for the emergence of cooperation are prevailingly created by the spatial reciprocity, and migration also has enough potential to help cooperation to prevail in suitable combination of game parameters in dynamics (e.g., population density, the type of interaction structure and also the migration scope)

[en] The author has studied on the profiles on Korean young male and female by the cephalometric roentgenograms, and the subjects consisted of 104 persons with normal occlusion, and the measurements were done on the soft and hard structures. The mean and standard deviations in the subjects were calculated and compared between male and female. The author has obtained the following results: 1. In the linear measurement, male was longer than female in most measuring points. 2. Compared with the angulation of soft tissue, there were no differences between both sexes. 3. In the skeletal patterns, there were some differences between male and female, but there was a similarity to the facial profile. 4. The individual variations on the cephalometric profiles on the subjects were recognized, especially, in the lower facial part.

[en] The public has always seen two faces of nuclear energy—the face of immense promise and the face of peril. The more the face of promise presents itself, the more the face of peril fades. Analysis of long-term public opinion trend data and in-depth public opinion research studies shows what influences public opinion about nuclear energy and how public opinion could be influenced in the future. The potential for attitude change is great, as most people take middle positions on nuclear energy and most do not feel very well informed about the subject. Research shows how to bring clarity to the face of promise, which currently is not well defined. In a time of energy abundance, it is necessary to show that nuclear energy is not just another energy option; its unique role as the 24/7 clean air energy source makes nuclear energy vital and irreplaceable. The analysis draws from the 34-year program of public opinion research on nuclear energy sponsored by the Nuclear Energy Institute and directed by Ann Stouffer Bisconti, supplemented by illustrative polling data from the U.S. and other countries.

[en] At the 10th year anniversary of the first face transplantation, 37 patients worldwide, were the recipients of faces coming from human donors. Five patients died due to complications, noncompliance with immunosuppressive medications and development of cancer. Despite the initial debates and ethical concerns, face transplantation became a clinical reality with satisfactory functional outcomes. The areas of controversy still include the impact of life-long immunosuppression on otherwise healthy patients as well as the selection process of face transplant candidates. Other concerns include financial support for this new generation of transplants as well as social re-integration and patients return to work after face transplantation. Based on over 20 years of research experience in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), and clinical experience as a leading surgeon of the US first face transplantation, this review will summarize the well—known facts as well as unexpected outcomes and challenges of face transplantation. Graphical Abstract:

[en] To organize data being obtained in an existing experimental program on the dispersion coefficient for material in a rotating kiln, a dimensional analysis was performed using all of the variables now thought to be relevant. Rotary kilns are being considered for use in the voloxidation process for the recovery of tritium from spent nuclear power reactor fuels. Design for the efficient recovery of tritium stipulates a residence time distribution for material within the kiln; therefore, a consideration of material dispersion is important. The study revealed that the system is fairly tightly constrained. Of all possible dimensionless groups formed from the process variables, only three remained after those groups consisting of ratios of length were extracted and allowance was made for implicit relations among variables. The set that describes the system includes the velocity number, the Watt number, and the fraction of the kiln filled with solids. Since the velocity number divided by the operating slope of the kiln behaves as a constant (at least for first-order effects), the program should correlate the Watt number with fraction full and the dimensionless numbers that relate the geometry of the system, including size of the feed material and flight dimensions

[en] The ways in which airborne contaminants can penetrate respirators and the factors which affect the fit of respirators are discussed. The fit of the respirator to the face is shown to be the most critical factor affecting the protection achieved by the user. Qualitative and quantitative fit testing techniques are described and their application to industrial respirator programs is examined. Quantitative measurement of the leakage of a respirator while worn can be used to numerically indicate the protection achieved. These numbers, often referred to as protection factors, are sometimes used as the basis for selecting suitable respirators and this practice is reviewed. (author)

[en] Multiple familial trichoepithelioma (MFT) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease that presents as many small tumours predominantly on the face. We report a case of multiple familial trichoepithelioma occurring in three members of a family. They were diagnosed simultaneously. Only one was treated with medium depth chemical peeling with partial response. (author)