[en] Graphene has been an active subjection condensed-matter physics due to its unusual electronic structures such Alamos's linear dispersions and tunable Fermi velocity. Graphene can be prepared by various method on metal surfaces. In this presentation, we will discuss chemical vapor deposition procedures to grow Graphene on metal surface area Graphene was grown by high temperature dose, than by postulating method. More structures formed due to lattice mismatch between Graphene and metal substrate. Two different types of atomic defect structures were observed initialling microscope. · Graphene layer was grown on Ru by ethylene chemical vapor deposition. · Larger area Graphene was grown by high temperature dose, than by postulating method. · Two different types of defect structures were observed in STM images

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] The influence of long-range correlated quenched impurities of a power-law decay type upon the phase transition in a model system of a superconductor is investigated. Direct renormalisation group epsilon-analysis yields a fixed point which is stable over a domain in a specific parameter connected with the long-range character of the correlations. The critical exponents are calculated to first order in epsilon. The existence of a stable fixed point is interpreted as signalling a second-order phase transition near four dimensions of space. (author)

[en] A photoacoustic (PA) signal dependence on Si crystal quality has been observed. The signal behavior has been investigated and on the basis of present evidence appears consistent, under conditions described in the letter, with PA theory as recently extended to include two-layer systems. Results of this study have potential use in laser annealing applications because they may provide a means of rapidly evaluating the degree of recrystallization, using the annealing laser beam set at a lower power level for PA excitation

[en] The origin of crystalline grains in comets and the outer regions of protoplanetary disks remains a mystery. It has been suggested that such grains form via annealing of amorphous precursors in the hot, inner region of a protoplanetary disk, where the temperatures needed for such transformations were found, and were then transported outward by some dynamical means. Here we develop a means of tracking the paths that dust grains would have taken through a diffusive protoplanetary disk and examine the types and ranges of environments that particles would have seen over a 10⁶ yr time period in the dynamic disk. We then combine this model with three annealing laws to examine how the dynamic evolution of amorphous grains would have led to their physical restructuring and their delivery to various regions of the disk. It is found that 'sibling particles' - those particles that reside at the same location at a given period of time-take a wide range of unique and independent paths through the disk to arrive there. While high temperatures can persist in the disk for very long time periods, we find that those grains that are delivered to the cold outer regions of the disk are largely annealed in the first few x10⁵ yr of disk history. This suggests that the crystallinity of grains in the outer disk would be determined early and remain unchanged for much of disk history, in agreement with recent astronomical observations.

[en] Hard magnet was usually used by coating SiO₂ ceramic thick films followed by the thermal annealing process. In this work, the alternative annealing process for NdFeB magnets using e-beam sources(1∼2 MeV, 50∼400 kGy) was investigated. NdFeB magnets was coated with ceramic thick films using the spray method. The optimal annealing parameter for e-beam source reveals to be 1 MeV and 300 kGy. The sample prepared at 1 MeV and 300 kGy was characterized by the analysis of the surface morphology, film hardness, adhesion and chemical stability. The mechanical property of thick film, especially film hardness, is better than that of thermal annealed samples at 180 .deg. C. As a result, e-beam annealing process will be one of candidate and attractive heat treatment process. In future, manufacturing process will be carried out in cooperation with the magnet company

[en] This paper provides additional experimental data on the neutron flux effect on RPV hardening and embrittlement and on the so-called unstable matrix damage that was suggested to occur at high flux. Six materials taken from the first irradiation surveillance capsules of Belgian PWRs with a fluence not exceeding about 1.5 × 10¹⁹ n/cm² were further irradiated in the BR2 high flux reactor to additional fluences ranging between about 1 and 1.5 × 10²⁰ n/cm² at 290 °C. Eight additional RPV materials were selected to investigate the flux effect on irradiation hardening. No statistically-significant difference in irradiation hardening for low and high flux could be evidenced from the null hypothesis test applied with the general linear model. This is confirmed by additional experiments where fourteen irradiated specimens of various RPV materials consisting of low to high Cu and Ni contents were annealed at 350 °C for 5 h to eventually reveal some recovery of the unstable matrix damage. The results did not show any recovery upon heat treatment, which indicates that unstable matrix defects did not appear in these materials during irradiation at high flux

[en] An exchange coupling and thermal stability study in Fe(Pt)Mn/NiFe films has been investigated. When Pt atoms were added to an FeMn layer, most of the properties in the FeMn/NiFe films were improved. The resistivity increased with increasing Pt content. The exchange coupling field had a maximum value for a film with about 5 - 8 at.% Pt. Especially, it was found that the addition of Pt to the FeMn layer improved considerably the thermal stability of exchange coupling in the FeMn/NiFe films. In Fe₃₉Pt₆Mn₅₅(7nm)/NiFe(10nm) films, an exchange coupling field of 100 Oe and a coercivity of 40 Oe were obtained after annealing at 300 degree C. From the result of Auger analysis, it was found that diffusion of the interface was suppressed by Pt addition. [copyright] 2001 American Institute of Physics

[en] The first part of the book is totally devoted to the discrete systems of the van der Pol type. The second part is totally related to rotor systems. The author considers the effect of friction; he introduces the velocity equalization principle and studies domains of attraction. A special section is devoted to the analysis of real-world systems