[en] Chromene and spirocyclic 2-oxindole derivatives were readily synthesized in good yields via a one-pot three-component reaction involving Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehyde or isatin with an active methylene reagent then the intermediate was reacted with another different active methylene reagent via a DABCO-catalysed Michael addition to yield the main products. Some advantages of this protocol are good yields, use of available catalysts, simple workup procedure and short reaction times. All synthesized products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. (author)

[en] Natural polymers, extracted from plants, can be used as coagulants for water treatment in addition to metal salts and synthetic polymers. Natural materials may offer benefits such as local production, lesser health hazards and affordability for developing world. Opuntia stricta plant, a cactus specie native to Mexico, has been explored in this study for its efficacy as coagulant. Efficiency of Opuntia stricta was assessed on the basis of turbidity removal from lab prepared and surface water samples. The effect of water pH on its performance was also analyzed. The study results revealed that removal efficiency of Opuntia stricta for turbidity removal remains consistent within a wide pH range (pH 5 to 10), in contrast to other coagulants which are pH dependent. Furthermore, pH of the water remains constant during coagulation and pH adjustment may not be required for subsequent treatment processes, which is often needed in case metal coagulants are used. Residual turbidity below 20 NTU is conveniently achieved by using Opuntia stricta even when it is used at very low doses. Formation of exceptionally large flocs and their linear configuration reveals the possibility that mechanism of coagulation by Opuntia stricta is adsorption and inter-particle bridging. (author)

[en] The synthesis of deuterium labelled 4'-,6-,7- and 8-hydroxy metabolites of warfarin and phenprocoumon is described. The pentadeuterio labelled 6-,7- and 8-hydroxyphenprocoumons were prepared via alkylation of the respective 6-, 7- and 8-methoxy-4-hydroxycoumarins with 1-(phenyl-d₅)-1-bromopropane and subsequent cleavage of the methyl protecting group with boron tribromide. The synthesis of 1-(pentadeuteriophenyl)-1-bromopropane and the 6-, 7- and 8-methoxy-4-hydroxycoumarins are also presented. The pentadeuterio labelled 6-, 7- and 8-hydroxywarfarins were obtained by reaction of 4-(phenyl-d₅)-3-buten-2-one with the respective 6-, 7- and 8-hydroxy-4-hydroxycoumarins in methanol followed by hydrolysis of the intermediate cyclic methyl ketals in aqueous acid. 4-Hydroxycoumarin-5,6,7,8-d₄, prepared from phenyl-d₆ and tetradeuteriomalonic acid, was reacted with 1-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol and 4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one to yield labelled 4'-hydroxyphenprocoumon and 4'-hydroxywarfarin respectively. (author)

[en] The following experiments were planned to look at the effects of water-droplets sizes and radiation field on the migration of volatile I₂ and CH₃I that may occur during an accident in the nuclear-reactor containment. 0, 38, 42, and 48 μm sizes of water droplets could be generated when 0, 80, 60, and 40 kHz frequencies were applied at a nominal operating condition (20 μm orifice diameter, 20 cm³ syringe capacity, 8.2 x 10-4 cm/s syringe pump run speed, and 0.139 cm³/min liquid feed rate). The formed monodisperse water droplets were well dispersed with 15 x 100 cm³/min air and diluted 40 L/min air before significant coagulation occurs. Gases of I₂ and CH₃I were generated at about 60.deg.C and room temperature respectively and then led to the cylindrical water jet with the volumetric flowrate of 5cc/min. The amount of transferred gaseous iodine by adsorption on water droplets was strongly influenced by the existence of water. CH₃I and H₂O can decompose into various chemical species on exposure to external radiation, so a transferred amount of CH₃I on water droplets were lower under the combination of 10 μCi Na-22, 1 μCi Cd-109, 1 μCi Cs-137, and 1 μCi Co-57 radioactive source discs than the case of absence of the radiation condition as shown in Figure 2. However, a relationship between the transferred volatile CH₃I concentrations and water droplet sizes showed the same trend to the case of absence of the radiation condition. Hydrolysis reaction rates of I₂ and CH₃I with water are very slow in comparison with physical weathering and physical dissolution, and they are only slightly soluble in water.

[en] Response surface method and experimental design were applied as alternatives to the conventional methods for optimization of the coagulation test. A central composite design was used to build models for predicting and optimizing the coagulation process. The model equations were derived using the least square method of the Minitab 16 software. In these equations, the removal efficiency of turbidity and COD were expressed as second-order functions of the coagulant dosage and coagulation pH. By applying RSM, the optimum condition using PFPD_1 was coagulant dosage of 384 mg/L and coagulation pH of 7.75. The optimum condition using PFPD_2 was coagulant dosage of 390 mg/L and coagulation pH of 7.48. Confirmation experiment demonstrated a good agreement between experimental values and model predicted. This demonstrates that RSM and CCD can be successfully applied for modeling and optimizing the coagulation process using PFPD_1 and PFPD_2

[en] In an MRI study examining anomalies of the septum pellucidum in 505 cases, we detected bilateral septum formation of the lateral ventricles in a 17-months-old-baby. In this study, we evaluate 505 (242 males and 263 females) patients referred to the Emaray Imaging Center, Ankara, Turkey with various prediagnoses. We specially selected all the cases from a non-psychotic population. We obtained MRI scans on a 1-Tesla imager (Picker International, Highland Heights, Ohio, USA), with slices of 5 and 6 mm thickness. In the axial and coronal sections, we observed septum formation laterally between the anterior horn and the ventricular body of the lateral ventricles. Radio opaque septum formations started from the caudate nucleus and stretched to the genu of the corpus callosum. There was a second septum formation between the posterior horn and the ventricular body of the right lateral ventricle. It started from the caudate nucleus and stretched to the cavum vergae. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Objective: To determine the frequency of induced abortion and identity the role of sociocultural factors contributing to termination of pregnancy and associated morbidity and mortality in hospital setting. Subjects and Methods: The patients who were admitted for induced abortion were interviewed in privacy. On condition of anonymity they were asked about the age, parity, family setup and relationships, with particular emphasis on sociocultural reasons and factors contributing to induction of abortion. Details of status of abortionist and methods used for termination of pregnancy, the resulting complications and their severity were recorded. Results: Out of total admissions, 57(2.35%) gave history of induced abortion. All women belonged to low socioeconomic class and 59.6% of them were illiterate. Forty-three (75.5%) of these women had never practiced concentration. Twenty-four (42%) were grandmultiparae and did not want more children. In 29 women (50.9%) the decision for abortion had been supported by the husband. In 25 (43.8%) abortion was carried out by Daiyan (traditional midwives). Serious complications like uterine perforation with or without bowel injury were encouraged in 25 (43.8%) of these women. During the study period illegally induced abortion accounted for 6 (10.5%) maternal deaths. Conclusion: Prevalence of poverty, illiteracy, grand multiparity and non-practice of contraception are strong determinants of induced abortion. (author)

No abstract available

[en] DSA is a well-established diagnostic procedure. A special indication and technique was employed in the application of DSA, using a low-dose contrast medium in 11 patients with extra-anatomic arterial reconstructions (3 axillofemoral, 4 femoro-femoral suprapubic cross-over bypasses, 4 obturator bypasses). This approach has not been previously described in literature. The authors performed direct puncture of the very proximal part of the bypass with a small (0.6 mm) ''subcutaneous'' neddle. Less than 2 ml of contrast medium was applied, and DSA was accomplished in several positions. In 11 patients high-quality imaging of the entire extra-anatomic bypass was achieved. Advantages of the procedure are: 1. Minimal dose of contrast medium (1-2 ml.). 2. Possibility of angiography even during anticoagulant therapy. 3. Complete imaging of extended bypass procedures with minimal discomfort to high-risk patients. (orig.)