[en] We present a microfluidic-based injection system designed to achieve intracellular delivery of macromolecules by directing a picoliter jet of a solution toward the individual cells. After discussing the concept, we present design specification and criteria, elucidate performance and discuss results. The method has the potential to be quantitative and of high throughput, overcoming the limitations of current intracellular delivery protocols. (paper)

[en] It was found that because of the chaotic arrangement of dipoles in ferroelectric semiconductors TlGaS2 and TlGaSe2, the value of the injection current is equal to the maximum. If the samples are placed in an electric field, the dipoles are oriented in the direction of the field. The injection current gradually decreases. When the dipole is placed in the direction of the field, the value of the injection current is equal to the minimum.

[en] The Plasma Technology Section is principally concerned with (1) development of multimegawatt neutral beam lines, including electrical systems and vacuum pumping, for plasma heating and (2) development of techniques to fuel the plasma using high velocity pellets

[en] Any abnormal events that can appear in a nuclear installation and which lead to uncontrolled radioactive materials release in the environment, depending on the amount of release, need protective countermeasures applied in situations both on site and and off site. The main countermeasures we have to take are : sheltering, evacuation, administration of stable iodine and restriction of foodstuff and water consumption. The paper presents the decision criteria for protective countermeasures application in the case of hypothetical nuclear events at INR's nuclear installations. It is argued that if the accident evolution is known as well as the measured dosimetric parameters (released radioactivity quantities, radionuclides concentrations in air, dose rates, radionuclides concentration in foodstuffs, etc) and the derived intervention levels specified in this paper, one can successfully manage the activities in order to minimize the consequences of the nuclear accident. (authors)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] Several advancements in fluid handling applications of a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane are demonstrated. Devices for controlled pumping, bubble injection, bubble removal and mixing are demonstrated using a three-layered fabrication method. The ability of a gas-permeable membrane to control flow in glass channels is determined. Consistent flow rates ranging from approximately 1 to 14 µl min⁻¹ were observed using control pressures from 100 to 700 mbar. Bubble injection and removal from microfluidic channels was performed in monolithic PDMS devices using several bubble trap geometries at fluid flow rates over 100 µl min⁻¹. The rate of removal of the air in the bubble trap was determined as a function of the area of membrane exposed and the applied vacuum. The PDMS membrane was shown to be an effective tool for the injection and removal of air bubbles in a method of enhancing mixing using bubbles and branched microchannels. The amount of mixing was optically determined before and after bubbles entered the fluid channel. The ability to produce all of these compatible components using a single fabrication process is a step toward inexpensive, parallel, highly integrated microfluidic systems with minimal external controls

[en] A table top size electron accelerator now can be realized due to the development of an ultra high power femtosecond laser. A high power laser can generate a strong longitudinal acceleration field inside plasma, wakefield, which propagates in the plasma with a group velocity of the laser. For the stable operation of the laser wakefield accelerator, the self injection problem in the early stage is very important issue. Stable early injection generates short electron bunches and quasi monoenergetic electron beams. One of the injection schemes is using two or three high power lasers, and another is using the wave breaking. However, all optical methods require extremely accurate spatiotemporal laser techniques, which lead to technical difficulties. Although Bulanov's wave breaking scheme is much simpler than optical injection methods but leads to an injected beam pulse with a relatively large phase spread which results in the electron bunch with a large energy spread. After a new self injection scheme using sharp density transition was proposed, a shock structure of the plasma is studied as a feasible condition for the density transition. In this scheme, the scale length, which means the distance between high and low density region, is shorter than the plasma wavelength. This sharp density transition scheme provides very short injection pulse that is phase locked to the plasma wave and small energy spread. In the sharp density transition scheme, the crucial issue is that the finding optimum density conditions in which the injected electrons in the first period of laser wake wave are accelerated further and the injected electrons in the other periods of laser wake wave gain less energy. The highly reproducible quasi monoenergetic electron beams can be achieved with this optimum density profile in the sharp density transition scheme. Thus, more detailed investigation of scale length and density transition ratio effects on the electron injection and acceleration are needed. In this paper, we report simulation results over the scale length and density transition ratio effects on the generation of good quality electron bunch in the first period of laser wake wave. And also, the experimental results for the generation of shock structure plasma channel are presented. So, we propose the optimum condition for the ongoing electron beam generation experiment with a 20TW laser system ak KERI

[en] A divertor of a thermonuclear device receives particles containing impurities from main plasmas, to cause high thermal loads. Then, neutron particles are artificially injected to a plasma region to cope with the optical and thermal loads, which makes the complicated thermonuclear device more complicated. Then, grooves for receiving the particles from the main plasmas are formed to the divertor plate on the surface opposing to main plasmas. In this case, the grooves are formed into such a shape that high density plasmas are generated in front of the divertor plate. As a result, the particles are prevented from escaping to a region where plasmas are not present, which makes artificial injection of neutron particles from the outside unnecessary. In addition, since high temperature divertor plasmas are dispersed and cooled in the vicinity of the bottom of the grooves, thermal load caused to the divertor plate can surely be reduced. Then, a highly reliable divertor plate can be obtained and the working life can be extended, which makes the reduction of thermal load more effective. (N.H.)

[en] This patent specification relates to a partially disposable shielded syringe for injecting radioactive material into a patient. It is claimed that the technique overcomes the problems of non-standardisation of syringe size. (U.K.)