[en] An assay is presented on new problems and trends of research into the atomic nucleus. (B.S.)

[en] It is pointed out that first-order nuclear matter calculations with effective interactions must satisfy the Hugenholtz-Van Hove theorem and that this tells one nothing about the validity of the interaction itself. Unawareness of this fact has given rise to incorrect statements and misleading conclusions in the literature which this paper points out and rectifies. (author)

[en] In this talk, on the basis of investigations by Tamagaki and myself, we present our studies on the nucleon superfluidity under pion condensation. (orig./HSI)

[en] In the review aspects of the quasiclassical theory of nucleus rotation are considered. For deriving the nucleus rotation theory the Kirsniz method is employed by means of which the quasiclassical approximation of the Hartree-Fock method is obtained. By the variational method for the nucleus density functional density redistribution effects as a result of rotation are studied in detail. Density redistribution effects are essential for light nuclei. The shell effects are taken into account in calculations

[en] The mass multiplicity function (m.m.f.) in a Cold Dark Matter scenario is considered within the hierachical scenario for the origin of bound systems, from galaxies to groups and eventually to richer and richer clusters, for different statistical distributions of primordial density perturbations. The resulting m.m.f. is compared with the original one derived by Press and Schechter for a primordial power law variance with the assumption of a constant value for the spectral index. The evolutionary behaviour of the predicted multiplicity function is explored and the associated time scales are computed; the features of the rate of production and/or destruction of objects is considered in the source function. We test the predictions from our multiplicity function with the existing data on the optical luminosity function for groups and clusters of galaxies. These data seem to require a primordial scale free spectrum the possibility of non gaussian hierarchical statistics are not excluded

[en] The present status of our understanding of the large-scale structures of the Universes is reviewed. The different methods that have been employed to probe the large-scale structures are presented, together with a discussion of their interests. Special emphasis is put on the implications of the observational results to the dark matter issue

[en] We argue that, when the gravity effect is included, the generalized uncertainty principle (CUP) may prevent black holes from total evaporation in a similar way that the standard uncertainty principle prevents the hydrogen atom from total collapse. Specifically we invoke the GUP to obtain a modified Hawking temperature, which indicates that there should exist non-radiating remnants (BHR) of about Planck mass. BHRs are an attractive candidate for cold dark matter. We investigate an alternative cosmology in which primordial BHRs are the primary source of dark matter

[en] Recently, corrections to the standard Einstein-Hilbert action were proposed to explain the current cosmic acceleration in stead of introducing dark energy. In the Palatini formulation of those modified gravity models, there is an important observation due to Arkani-Hamed: matter loops will give rise to a correction to the modified gravity action proportional to the Ricci scalar of the metric. In the presence of such a term, we show that the current forms of modified gravity models in Palatini formulation, specifically, the 1/R gravity and ln R gravity, will have phantoms. Then we study the possible instabilities due to the presence of phantom fields. We show that the strong instability in the metric formulation of 1/R gravity indicated by Dolgov and Kawasaki will not appear and the decay timescales for the phantom fields may be long enough for the theories to make sense as effective field theory. On the other hand, if we change the sign of the modification terms to eliminate the phantoms, some other inconsistencies will arise for the various versions of the modified gravity models. Finally, we comment on the universal property of the Palatini formulation of the matter loops corrected modified gravity models and its implications

[en] When particles in a Penning trap are subject to a magnetic multipole field, those beyond a critical radius will be lost. The critical radius depends on the history by which the field is applied, and can be much smaller if the particles are injected into a preexisting multipole than if the particles are subject to a ramped multipole. Both cases are relevant to ongoing experiments designed to trap antihydrogen

[en] We investigate the influence of an interaction between dark energy and dark matter upon the dynamics of galaxy clusters. We obtain the general Layser-Irvine equation in the presence of interactions, and find how, in that case, the virial theorem stands corrected. Using optical, X-ray and weak lensing data from 33 relaxed galaxy clusters, we put constraints on the strength of the coupling between the dark sectors. Available data suggests that this coupling is small but positive, indicating that dark energy might be decaying into dark matter. Systematic effects between the several mass estimates, however, should be better known, before definitive conclusions on the magnitude and significance of this coupling could be established