[en] Regimes in moist stratified flows over simply shaped 3D mountains have been studied in numerical simulations made with a mesoscale meteorological model. One of the aims that this work intends to examine is the possible existence of multiple solutions, searching for different solutions depending on the path followed by the system in the parameter space. Results from three different sets of experiments are discussed here. In the first set of simulations, the height of the mountain has been progressively changed in time. In the second group of experiments, the humidity of the air flowing over the obstacle has been increased in time by adding a source term to the equation of evolution of moisture. The case of advection of moist air towards an obstacle, initially embedded in dry air, has been studied as a third type of flow. A dependence on the past history of the flow seems to characterize some types of system evolution, leading to different flow regimes over the obstacle. The experiments indicate that this result is mainly a consequence of changes of state of water, associated with the presence of humidity in the atmosphere. These effects are emphasized in the case of an elliptical mountain, with its longer axis perpendicular to the main flow. In the three different sets of experiments presented here, evident differences with simulations where flow parameters are kept constant from the beginning persist in the flow regimes, also for periods of time much longer than the characteristic time of evolution towards stationary solutions

[en] The principle of 1-Wire bus protocol, the characteristics of digital temperature sensor DSISB20, humidity sensor DHT11 and the ultra low power mixed signal processor MSP430F149 are introduced, which combined with PC formed a precise collection system with 8 channel temperature and 1 channel humidity. (authors)

[en] Palm Oil is one of prime materials which very necessary for Indonesia. In the development of palm oil industry the constraint which faced is raw material availability and the economic crisis that attack Indonesia which cause increasing of cost industry so that the salaes price become very expensive . With using alternative raw material namely used palm oil them be made palm oil design to solve this problems. In the designing which comply the consideration of good pal oil planning aspect be use value engineer study. While the criteria parameter of hygienic palm oil which obtained from the questioner area free fatty acid, water content, Iodine number, peroxide number, odor, taste and the color. The research which use value engineer study is throught any phase that is information phase, analyzes phase, creative phase, development phase and presentation phase. This research began with doing the identification of palm oil demand, continued by methodology development in order to measure oil design. By using creative process could be obtained flow rate position, the amount of adsorbent and the best settling time for palm oil alternative that is in the flow rate 70 ml/sec, 4% of adsorbent and the 70 minute for the settling time with free fatty acid value: 0.299. While the best palm oil alternative are palm oil with free fatty acid value = 0.299, water content = 0.31, Iodine number = 40.08, Peroxide number = 3.72, odor and taste = Normal, the color = Normal. The Evalution which done by value engineer study generate the value from alternative palm oil is 1.330 and market palm oil 1.392. Thus, can be conclude thet the value engineer study can be good implemented in the alternative palm oil planning so that alternative palm oil can be produced largely because they have better value that market palm oil and appropriate for little industries. (paper)

[en] The structural health monitoring of a slope against rainfall-induced shallow landslides has become an important issue in Japan with the recent instances of extreme weather. In particular, the early detection of a sudden rainfall-induced shallow landslide is well known to be relatively difficult compared with that of a slow-moving landslide. Thus, local governments or civil-structure management companies provide residents or users with early warning information of a disaster via rainfall-based data. However, rainfall information is not enough to predict the risk of individual slope disasters because it does not directly reflect the soil-moisture condition of a slope. To solve this problem, a soil moisture-based index (iQS) is proposed. The applicability of iQS in a real slope was evaluated using the result obtained by monitoring a real slope during heavy rainfall along an expressway. The monitoring results of the real slope were seen to agree well with the results of past laboratory experiments. This implies that slope deformation owing to the rise in water level does not occur unless the volumetric water content exceeds the IQS of the real slope. Based on this result, iQS can be used for predicting the risk of shallow landslides at an early stage. (paper)

[en] Reliability testing of cable on humidified condition has been carried out. As a result, the failure occurred due to reduction of current by increasing the resistance on rising temperature testing. For humidified condition the result which are observed did not significant at the stated condition of testing. The needed time up to the failure criteria increased as a temperature testing increased

[en] In the process of nuclear radiation measurement, often the results relied on measuring the temperature and humidity of the environment to compensate. The design of a low-cost simple temperature and humidity logger in the article, can achieve the measurements of temperature, humidity in the experimental nuclear environment. The system uses AT89 series low-cost MCU controller, domestic DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, and RS485 protocol for remote data transfer and on-line monitoring of results. Experimental results show that the collector can achieve rapid multi-point measurements of temperature and humidity, the system is stable and reliable, is a low-cost solution, suitable for all kinds of nuclear measurement applications. (authors)

[en] The most potted plants have different live habits and require different soil moisture. So we designed a small irrigation control system to make the potted plants with different habits have more suitable soil environment to live. This system can detect the soil moisture of potted plants in real time and decide whether the potted plants need to be irrigated according to the set range of soil moisture. That realizes the automatic irrigation to ensure the survival conditions of potted plants. (paper)

[en] The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited computation communication, and battery facilities. One of the common applications of this network is environment monitoring through sensing motion, measuring temperature, humidity and radiation. One of the basic activities in WSN is data gathering which represents a great challenge. Many routing protocols are proposed for that network to collect and aggregate the data. The most popular ones are hierarchy and data centric routing protocols. The main goal of this study is to identify the most preferable routing protocol, to be used in each mobility model. This paper studies the performance of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) from hierarchy routing protocol and direct diffusion from data centric routing protocol which is not clarified until now. Moreover, a comparison between LEACH and direct diffusion protocol using NS2 simulator will be made, and an analysis of these protocols will be conducted. The comparison includes packet delivery ratio, throughput, average energy ratio, average delay, network lifetime, and routing overhead. The performance is evaluated by varying the number of sensor nodes under three mobility models Reference Point Group Mobility Model (RPGM), Manhattan and random waypoint mobility model. Simulation results show that LEACH routing protocol has a good performance in RPGM and Manhattan than random waypoint mobility model. Direct diffusion has a good performance in random waypoint mobility model than in RPGM and Manhattan mobility model

[en] The contribution comprises analysis that is based on scientific work as a part of participation on the international research project carried out at the University of Prešov in Prešov and Vienna University of Technology entitled 'Detection and Management of Risk Processes in Building Insulation' and numbered SRDA SK-AT-0008-10. Statistical approach with correlations among humidity, time and temperature values in the space between the wall and building insulation uses the set of data obtained during the measurement series as testing using a new technology with equipment that does not influence the environment properties in the space. Therefore such real mapping can bring a real picture of possible condensation as a risk process in the building envelope.

[en] Particulate Matter (PM) has various effects on the quality of air, health, and environment. A newly developed on-line PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 μm) measurement using Arduino as the microcontroller which has multi-connections was able to provide real-time measurement. Shinyei dust sensor (PPD42NS) is used to measure the concentration of the particulate matter at ambient air along with temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22). The aims of the study are to build a portable and user-friendly device for the monitoring of PM10 as a low-cost and sustainable particulate sensor. The device was tested for five days to determine the particulate concentration indoor and outdoor at one site in Dungun, Terengganu. The results showed that the average of the particulate concentration at the indoor and outdoor for five days were 329 and 1587 μg/m³ respectively. The custom-made device can be treated as a low-cost measuring device for particulate matter in ambient air which will be further refined and verified. (paper)