[en] Mechanical and thermal impact of the plasma focus discharge on structural elements of diagnostic windows of the PFM-72m discharge installation are calculated. The absence of critical impact at early discharge stages and during the first 300 ns after the “plasma focus” formation is shown. The possibility of shock impact on the surface of diagnostic windows at later times, which may result in their substantial deformation and destruction, is demonstrated.

[en] The theoretical and numerical steady-state calculation of the width of an escaping plasma stream through a magnetic mirror solves the self-consistent potential and charge distribution for a low beta plasma. The leak widths is obtained as the geometric mean of the ion and electron Larmor radius, also called hybrid width, in agreement with some experimental measurements. If the out-streaming plasma is unstable or collisional, the leak width can only larger, contrary to earlier results in the literature. (orig.)

[en] A rederivation of the deceleration parameter q₀ basing on new observational data (Gunn and Oke 1075) and using more conventional analysis with a particular attention to the Scott effect is reported. The resulting value of q₀ obtained on the assumption of no evolution is q₀ obtained on the assumption of no evolution is q₀=0.54+-0.52 or about 0.5 larger than that reported by Gunn and Oke. The additional uncertainty sets of photometric observations may also introduce an appreciable error into resulting q₀. At present the Hubble diagram analysis is evidently not yet sufficient for discrimination between the open and closed universes. (author)

No abstract available

[en] This thesis describes the development of a new type of Magnetic Force Microscope (MFM) probe based on a unique electromagnetic design. In addition the design, construction and testing of a new MFM system, complete in both hardware and software, is also described. The MFM allowed initial tests on prototypes of the new probe, and is to provide a base for future new probe integration. The microscope uses standard MFM micro-cantilever probes in static modes of imaging. A new computer hosted DSP control system, software, and its various interfaces with the MFM have been integrated into the system. The system has been tested using standard probes with various specimens and satisfactory results have been produced. A novel probe has been designed to replace the standard MFM magnetic coated tip with a field generated about a sub-micron aperture in a conducting film. The field from the new probe is modelled and its imaging capability investigated, with iterative designs analysed in this way. The practical construction and potential problems therein, of the probe are also considered. Test apertures have been manufactured, and an image of the field produced when operating is provided as support to the theoretical designs. Future methods of using the new probe are also discussed, including the examination of the probe as a magnetic write mechanism. This probe, integrated into the MFM, can provide a new method of microscopic magnetic imaging, and in addition opens a new potential method of magnetic storage that will require further research. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Safety requirements concerning design, calculation, control, tests, operation and maintenance of personnel air locks are: 1) Avoiding the impermissible release of radioactive substances into the environment, also during air locks operation; 2) Ensuring escape from the containment and rescue operations inside the containment; 3) Avoiding uncontrolled access to containments by constructive and supplementary administrative measures. (orig./HP)

[en] Efficient use of energy implies to recognize possibilities for saving energy and to evaluate them consequently. The most promising possibility for saving energy is space heating. Here, the absolute energy requirement can be lowered by the application of ameliorated insulation and better designed window systems. Moreover, the mostly used fossil fuel oils can easily be replaced by nuclear energy. Heat pumps can be used to recover waste heat, and to approximate an ideal closed energy cycle. It seems not less rich in meaning to use common revenues for pushing these measures, as to finance the exploration of new natural gas or mineral oil wells. There is one important difference: energy saving measures will become effective for long term, whereas the fossil fuel exploration suffers from the risk of strike and political affairs. (orig.)

No abstract available

No abstract available