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[en] The possibility is studied of obtaining the true softening magnitude in hard type 2 superconductors by eliminating the trapped flux by a reverse magnetic field. The results are interpreted in terms of the critical state model

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[en] Foils of the amorphous alloy Pd₇₀Fe₁₀Si₂₀ were investigated after isothermal heating at the temperature range 350-450⁰C with a heating period from 15 min to 4 h. At 350⁰C no changes were observed in the shape of the Moessbauer spectra. At 400⁰C and at 450⁰C up to 30 min only the parameters of Moessbauer spectra consisting of two quadrupole doublets corresponding to palladium and silicon vicinities of iron atoms were changed. After further heating at 450⁰C crystalline phases of Pd₃Fe and Fe₃Si appeared on the Moessbauer spectra. (Auth.)

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[en] The viability of using palladium alloy membranes in cascade to separate the H, D and T produced in a fusion reactor is discussed. Values of the permeation separation factor are estimated for Pd - 20% Ag from available data and corresponding estimates for the necessary number of stages and the total membrane area are given for the required isotopic purification. The results demonstrate the advantage of minimising the operating temperatures and pressures and indicate that the method is perfectly feasible. The use of Pd - 8% Y will probably even further improve the performance. (author)

[en] Membrane catalysts are considered made of palladium alloys which are highly active in the processes of hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrodealkylation, and dehydrocyclization. In the process of cyclohexane dehydrogenation, an alloy of palladium with 5% of nickel is more active than palladium and an alloy with 10% of nickel is less active than palladium. With increasing content of ruthenium in an alloy with palladium from 1 to 10%, catalytic activity towards the same reaction has a maximum corresponding to an alloy with 8.36% of ruthenium. An alloy of palladium with 6% of ruthenium is more penetrable for hydrogen than palladium. Alloys containing from 6 to 9% of ruthenium have improved mechanical properties as compared with palladium which makes it possible to decrease the thickness of the membrane catalysts without a strength loss at high temperatures. Palladium-ruthenium and palladium-rhodium alloys are active catalysts in transforming normal paraffins into aromatic hydrocabons. Unlike many other catalysts, palladium-based alloys are more active after rapid cooling down from'700 deg C

[en] The relaxation behaviour of hydrogen (H) in the temperature range between 4.2 K and 500 K was investigated in disordered and ordered (L1₂) Pd₃Fe alloys as well as in disordered PdFe alloys by means of magnetic after-effect (MAE) measurements. Using a statistical configuration model taking into account the degree of order the characteristic relaxation maxima with their activation enthalpies were assigned to H jumps between different interstitial octahedral sites. In addition, the degassing kinetics above room temperature were studied by gas chromatography. (orig.)

No abstract available