[en] Stress intensity factors were calculated for partly circumferential surface cracks at the outside of a pipe. The pipe is loaded by internal pressure and by thermal stresses. The weight functions method is used to calculate averaged weighted stress intensity factors at the deepest point and at the surface points of the crack. The evaluation of temperatures and stresses in the pipe and the application of the weight functions method are described. Numerical results are given for an application to steam generator tubes. (orig.)

[en] Waterhammer in piping systems can occur for a variety of operating, design, and maintenance reasons. Many times the system design and operation can lead to unknown or unexpected conditions to exist in a plant, such as unexpected accumulation of condensate. Accumulated condensate can cause waterhammers in electrical generating plants and in steam distribution systems. Condensation induced waterhammers can largely be prevented by prudent engineering and operating activities. A remedial program that can be utilized to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of condensation induced waterhammers will be described

[en] The metallographic and fractographic results of investigations on a saturated steam outlet duct with cracks and a cylindrical wall area under this duct provided with notches show great branched cracks. Estimating the cracks, taking into account the actual crack lengths and branches, leads to stress values below the critical material values for starting cracks. These statements are supported by finite element calculations. (DG)

No abstract available

[en] This study investigates the horizontal responses of the reactor internals due to a 14 inch safety injection nozzle break which is expected to cause the largest loads of the branch line pipe breaks defined for the YGN 3 and 4. It examines the effects of two forcing terms, RV motions and internals hydraulic loads, and suggests new procedure which can be used for the tributary pipe break analysis. The analysis result confirms the applicability of suggested procedure to a small size tributary pipe break analysis. Also, this study calculates the horizontal responses of the reactor internals due to a 3 inch pressurizer spray line nozzle break which is the only one remaining in the primary side after leak-before-break evaluation, and secondary side pipe breaks such as main steam line and economizer feedwater line. The responses are compared with those of safe shutdown earthquake(SSE) to show that SSE loads with a conservative margin may be used for the pipe break loads in the preliminary design. (Author)

[en] The impact of the proposed Alaska Highway Pipeline Project (AHPP) was examined using data of tariff rates from Industry Canada (IC) and the Yukon Government (YK). The IC impact spans 8 years from 2001 to 2008 with peak investment of $2.4 billion in 2005. The YK impact spans 10 years from 2002 to 2012 and peaks at nearly $2.0 billion in 2006. For the IC impact, the construction phase peaks in 2005 at 0.2 per cent impact on the Canadian Gross Domestic Product. For the YK impact, different government policy assumptions were used to produce 2 different scenarios for the AHPP impact. The first scenario is comparable to the IC impact, because the fiscal policy assumptions are similar. In the second scenario, Gross Domestic Product impacts peak at 0.25 per cent impact on the Canadian economy in 2006 with long-term impacts of nearly 0.13 per cent. The direct effects of both the IC impact and the YK impact are very similar in magnitude and the methodology used in the IC impact and scenario 1 is similar. This report presented a comparison of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) with the AHPP. TAPS is probably the closest pipeline in magnitude to the AHPP, but TAPS is an oil pipeline which results in variations in construction methods and materials. TAPS spans 800 miles and was built in 1970 to carry crude oil from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez, Alaska. The basic difference between the two lines is that TAPS has to maintain the oil at a high temperature so it will flow, and most of the pipeline has to be suspended above ground, while AHPP can be buried underground and operated at low temperatures. The construction costs per mile are expected to be much lower for the AHPP. 7 refs., 2 tabs

[en] This paper discussed the types of systems that are currently used to detect any major leaks in the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) and presented some facts about the pipeline to demonstrate the problems facing leak detection in a region with temperature extremes and reduced sunlight during half of the year. In particular, this paper described the operation of the 1290 kilometer section of pipeline belonging to the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company and their inquiries regarding the feasibility of using sensor technologies developed for space exploration. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) examined the possibility of using remote chemical and thermal sensors, airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, ground penetrating radar, and in situ chemical sensing. It was determined that these space-based remote sensing techniques are not suitable for detecting small leaks. The best option appeared to be in a simple in situ system of mass-produced, tiny sensors capable of one-time or multi-use detection of hydrocarbons through BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) vapours. It was emphasized, however, that some technical and economic difficulties must still be solved before these sensors can be put into commercial use for TAPS. 5 refs., 1 tab

[en] For the Korean Next Generation Reactor(KNGR) development, LBB is considered for the Main Steam Line(MSL) piping inside its containment to achieve cost and safety improvement. To apply LBB concept to MSL, leak sensors highly sensitive to humidity is required. In this paper, a ceramic material, MgCr₂O₄-TiO₂ has been developed as a humidity sensor for MSL applications. Experiments performed to characterize the electrical conductivity shows that the conductivity of MgCr₂O₄-TiO₂ responds sensitively to both temperature and humidity changes. At a constant temperature below 100 .deg. C, the conductivity increases as the relative humidity increases, which makes the sensor favorable for application to the outside of MSL insulation layer. But as temperature increases beyond 100 .deg. C, the sensor composition should be adjusted for the application to KNGR is to be made at temperature above 100 .deg. C

[en] This study is to present the relaxation of the pressure and temperature(P/T) for Subcompartment during Main Steam Line Break (MSLB). The doubleended MSLB in the steam bunker corresponds to the limiting accident in the point of maximum P/T. The analysis results for the steam bunker with LOFTRANCOMPARE for M/E and P/T, respectfully, show that the maximum pressure difference is 1.45bar and the maximum temperature is 250 .deg. C. The temperature is too high to qualify the equipment for these environmental Temperature (generic limit 182 .deg. C) conditions. It is recommended to optimize the temperature result. To do so RELAP-TRAPSCO are used to analyze mass/energy (M/E) release and P/T. Finally, the result of RELAPTRAPSCO shows that the peak temperature is lower than that of LOFTRAN-COMPARE

[en] Two-phase pressure drop across a straight test pipe was experimentally determined for high Reynolds (Re) number steam flow for a flow quality range of 0.995 to 1.0. The testing described has been performed in order to reduce uncertainties associated with the effects of two-phase flow on pressure drop. Two-phase flow develops in steam piping because a small fraction of the steam flow condenses due to heat loss to the surroundings. There has been very limited two-phase pressure drop data in open literature for the tested flow quality range. The two-phase pressure drop data obtained in this test has enabled development of a correlation between friction factor, Reynolds number, and flow quality