[en] The 100-D Ponds are located north of the northern perimeter fence of the 100-D Area. The ponds were excavated in a preexisting basin that had been used for disposal of coal ash. There are two ponds, one used as a settling pond and the other a percolation pond. Liquid effluent from the 100-D process sewers was discharged to the ponds from 1977 through 1987; after 1987 the ponds received backwash and rinsate from the 100-D water treatment facilities. All discharges to the ponds ceased in June 1994, and the ponds were allowed to dry up

[en] The technology to control sediment is not well understood and continues to be hotly debated. Key milestones in the decade-long debate on sediment control are highlighted and technical problems in definition, control and monitoring are identified. Attempts to regulate sediment production are described including the currently pending office of Surface Mining Alternative Sediment Control Technology Proposed rules. Results of a study open-quotes Determination of Background Sediment Yield and Development of a Methodology for Assessing Alternative Sediment Control Technology at Surface Mines in the Semiarid Westclose quotes sponsored by the Office of Surface Mining, National Coal Association, BHP-Utah International Inc., Peabody Coal Company and Pittsburgh ampersand Midway Coal Company are presented. Approaches for control of sediment other than construction of sediment collection ponds are proposed

[en] Full Text: This work is the first approach to establish a monitoring system for heavy metals in the Almendares Vento Basin. This basin is the most important watershed of Havana City, which main river is the Almendares River, that with 42 km of length goes through 5 municipalities, where live more than 500,000 inhabitants. The river receives a large pollution loads from more than 50 pollution sources of Havana City. Inputs of toxic substances like heavy metals come from the industries located along the river and tributaries, the urban discharges and from important speedways in both shores of the river. In the work, concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and Cr in sediments, water, gastropod species Tarebia granifera Lamarck, macrophyte Eichhornia Crassipes and fish from the specie Gambusia were evaluated at 14 stations during the dry season of 2003. Concentrations of copper and lead in water samples exceeded applicable guidelines for many of the sites monitored in the river basin. Heavy metals in sediments were analysed using three-stage sequential extraction procedure. In sediments high contents of studied metals were found in the bioavailable fraction. Some stations were highly polluted with all elements. Two main sources of pollution with heavy metals could be identified in the basin due to the higher concentration of most of the studied metals in the analized sampling stations. Pb concentrations were high in almost all the stations. Similar behaviour was found for the metal concentration in Eichhornia Crassipes roots, that appear to have an interesting potential as bio monitor of the pollution with heavy metals. Tarebia granifera Lamarck only could be found in 5 of the 14 stations monitored, and it presence is related with the quality of the river water. The magnitude of contamination was estimated by the comparison between local backgrounds and concentration of metals measured. Only high concentration of Zn were found in the Gambusia tissue, and no correlation with concentration of heavy metal in water or sediment could be found

[en] Short communication

[en] A method of designing a stratified cooling channel for managing the excess heat of a thermal discharge is presented. The cooling channel is connected to a larger body of water such as a river, lake, or ocean. A continuous exchange flow with a larger body of water allows mixing to play an important role in reducing the temperature of a discharge in the cooling channel. The equations governing the flow and temperature in a deep cooling channel are derived from basic principles of momentum and heat balance. The numerical solutions show that most of the thermal impact of a heated discharge may be confined to within the boundaries of the cooling channel, minimizing the ecological impact on the natural environment. An example is used to demonstrate the method of designing a cooling channel. The example shows that cooling channels could operate under thermal loading conditions significantly higher than those required in cooling ponds

[en] The purpose of this remedial investigation (RI) report is to evaluate the data generated during the RI and other characterization activities at the 200-CW-5 Operable Unit (OU) to (1) determine if sufficient data have been collected to support risk assessment and remedial decision making, (2) estimate risk at the representative sites based on data collected during the RI and on other existing data, (3) determine the need to proceed with a feasibility study (FS), and (4) determine which constituents and site-specific considerations need to be addressed in the FS. This RI report also provides data to support the evaluation of alternatives in the FS with regard to meeting potential applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements, risk reduction, and potentially significant data gaps (if any). This RI report includes an evaluation of the baseline risk using characterization data generated during the RI and significant data from other investigations (e.g., historical data from the 216-U-10 Pond and the 216-Z-1D, 216-Z-11, 216-U-14, and 216-Z-19 Ditches). Data generated during the RI will support the closeout of waste sites in the 200-CW-5 OU, as well as the waste sites in the 200-CW-2, 200-CW-4, and 200-SC-1 consolidated OUs. Data collected during the RI and data collected before the RI are summarized in this report

[en] The possibility to use the Eichhornia crassipes plant in the estimation of heavy metal levels in the Almendares river were evaluated in this paper. Concentration of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, Cr and Ni in macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Water Jacint) were evaluated at 15 stations during the dry season of 2003 and 2004. In Eichhornia crassipes roots and in the bioavailable fraction of the sediments followed the some spatial trend, showing elevated metal concentration's at the some stations. Highly significant correlation were found for these elements in Eichhornia crassipes roots and in the organic fraction of the sediments, which means that the concentrations of these elements in Eichhornia crassipes are indicative of the bioavailable concentrations in sediments. Three main sources of heavy metal pollution were identified in the basin due to the high concentration of most of the studied metals in the sampling stations, the secondary smelter Antillana de Acero, an important provincial landfill in the street 100 and the Mordazo tributary river. The obtained results show that Eichhornia crassipes could be an interesting monitor of the heavy metal pollution in Almendares River

[en] This document describes the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility (CVDF) effluent drain system (EFS). The primary function of the EFS is to collect and transport fire suppression water discharged into a CVDF process bay to a retention basin located outside the facility. The EFS also provides confinement of spills that occur inside a process bay and allows non-contaminated water that drains to the process bay sumps to be collected until sampling and analysis are complete

[en] With the increase in coal output, the environment in coal mine areas, especially land destruction, has become increasingly worse. A main form of land destruction is subsidence lakes, which have disrupted people's lives and coal production and which change the ecological system of mine areas into water-land type or aquatic system. Two conditions forming subsidence lakes are surface subsidence and high phreatic level. The ratio of waterlogging in China's eastern coal mine areas is higher than that of other areas because of high phreatic level, and eastern mine areas are agriculture-based at the same time. It is a fact that the structure and function of an ecological system after mining is different from that before mining. It is not a good way to resume the original structure and function of the ecological system. Therefore, before harnessing subsidence lakes, it is necessary that their ecoenvironment characteristics be investigated thoroughly, then new structure and function of ecology affected by coal mining and ways to harness subsidence lakes are posed. These ways include: subsidence lakes used as fly ash, coal waste and other wastes deposit, land reclamation by raising the shallow land with digging the deep, recreating new aquatic ecosystem, etc

[en] In May 1993, a potential criticality problem arose in the KE Basin and filter backwash pit on the Hanford site. The problem necessitated extensive criticality analyses to establish the subcritical margin in that particular facility. This paper will describe the analyses and also point out some of the difficulties in applying American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards to the situation