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[en] A method is described for the synthesis of the racemic [methyl-d₃] forms of the nicotine metabolites cis-3'-hydroxycotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine. The key intermediate was [methyl-d₃]-N-methylhydroxylamine, obtained from a selective hydrogenation of d₃-nitro-methane. This intermediate was converted to [methyl-d₃]-α-3-pyridyl-N-methylnitrone, which was condensed with methyl acrylate to give a mixture of isomeric isoxazolidines. The hydrogenolysis of this mixture afforded a 70:30 mixture of [methyl-d₃] cis- and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, from which the pure cis-isomer could be isolated by recrystallization from acetone. [Methyl-d₃]-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine could be prepared in high yield from the cis-isomer via chiral inversion utilizing a Mitsunobu reaction, or by chromatographic separation from a mixture of the cis- and trans-3'-benzoyloxycotinine, followed by O-debenzoylation in methanolic NaOH. (author)

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[en] This account describes how antibodies specific for nicotine and its metabolites and for various prostaglandins and their metabolites have been used to develop sensitive RIA's for these compounds. Thus far, antibodies have been prepared and RIA's developed for at least 100 other compounds of pharmacological importance. It has been calculated that an individual animal has the potential to produce antibodies that can recognize 10⁷ and perhaps up to 10⁸ diverse immunodominant moieties. Nature, therefore, has provided the pharmacologist and synthetic chemist with an analytical system of extraordinary specificity that can be adapted to the quantitative determination of a wide variety of pharmacologically active molecules. It is clear that RIA will be an important analytical tool in research as well as in the clinical laboratory

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[en] Short communication

[en] Medicago sativa cv. Pianguan, an excellent local germplasm in Shanxi province, China, with the resistance to cold and drought is broadly planted. Many studies have showed that drought resistance of plants is positively correlated with the accumulation of proline, P5CS and delta-OAT play important roles in synthesis of proline. In this study, the proline content, activities and expression of P5CS and delta-OATmRNA were detected in Medicago sativa cv. Pianguan under drought stress. The results showed that the proline content in Medicago sativa cv. Pianguan increased in the process of drought stress. The expression levels of P5CSb and delta-OATmRNA changed correspondingly at the different stress time point. In conclusion, P5CS and delta-OAT could participate in the drought resistance process by regulating proline content in Medicago sativa cv. Pianguan. (author)

[en] Cigaratte is known to be hazardous to health due to nicotine and tar it contains.This is indicated on cigaratte packets by health warnings.However there is less known hazard of smoking due to intake of radioactive compounds by inhalation. This study dwells upon the radioactive hazard of smoking