No abstract available

[en] This paper models the effects of three different options for domestic waste collection using data from three Hampshire authorities: (i) joint working between neighbouring waste collection authorities; (ii) basing vehicles at waste disposal sites; and (iii) alternate weekly collection of residual waste and dry recyclables. A vehicle mileage savings of 3% was modelled for joint working, where existing vehicle allocations to depots were maintained, which increased to 5.9% when vehicles were re-allocated to depots optimally. Vehicle mileage was reduced by 13.5% when the collection rounds were based out of the two waste disposal sites rather than out of the existing depots, suggesting that the former could be the most effective place to keep vehicles providing that travel arrangements for the crews could be made. Alternate weekly collection was modelled to reduce vehicle mileage by around 8% and time taken by 14%, when compared with a typical scenario of weekly collection of residual and fortnightly collection of recyclable waste. These results were based on an assumption that 20% of the residual waste would be directly diverted into the dry recyclables waste stream

[en] This annotated bibliography of 447 references contains scientific, technical, economic, and regulatory information relevant to low-level radioactive waste technology. The bibliography focuses on environmental transport, disposal site, and waste treatment studies. The publication covers both domestic and foreign literature for the period 1952 to 1979. Major chapters selected are Chemical and Physical Aspects; Container Design and Performance; Disposal Site; Environmental Transport; General Studies and Reviews; Geology, Hydrology and Site Resources; Regulatory and Economic Aspects; Transportation Technology; Waste Production; and Waste Treatment. Specialized data fields have been incorporated into the data file to improve the ease and accuracy of locating pertinent references. Specific radionuclides for which data are presented are listed in the Measured Radionuclides field, and specific parameters which affect the migration of these radionuclides are presented in the Measured Parameters field. In addition, each document referenced in this bibliography has been assigned a relevance number to facilitate sorting the documents according to their pertinence to low-level radioactive waste technology. The documents are rated 1, 2, 3, or 4, with 1 indicating direct applicability to low-level radioactive waste technology and 4 indicating that a considerable amount of interpretation is required for the information presented to be applied. The references within each chapter are arranged alphabetically by leading author, corporate affiliation, or title of the document. Indexes are provide for (1) author(s), (2) keywords, (3) subject category, (4) title, (5) geographic location, (6) measured parameters, (7) measured radionuclides, and (8) publication description

[en] Radioactive waste. This paper is concerned with the management and disposal of the small quantities of highly-active wastes which are left after spent nuclear fuel has been reprocessed. After a general introduction, the subject is treated under the following heads; characteristics of radioactive wastes; general principles of high-level waste management; solidification (vitrification); design of stores and repositories; the geologic barrels (underground disposal); the option of ocean disposal; status of work and present programme; conclusions. (UK)

[en] The problem of the treatment and disposal of radio-active waste from nuclear power stations is reviewed. Types of radio-active waste (weakly-active and highly-active), their treatment and containment, disposal in geological sites and the risks involved are discussed. (H.E.G.)

[en] A one day conference held in September 1980 to discuss radioactive waste management is reviewed. Quotations and summaries are given from a number of the papers presented including those dealing with the safety, costs, treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive wastes, the conversion of these wastes to solid forms (vitrification and other immobilisation techniques), the importance of timing in disposal operations due to the heat ouput of the wastes, container engineering, geological aspects of radioactive waste repositories, and public attitudes. (U.K.)

[en] In Situ Vitrification (ISV) is being developed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the Department of Energy and other clients for the stabilization of soils and sludges contaminated with radioactive and hazardous chemical wastes. ISV is a process that immobilizes contaminated soil in place by converting it to a durable glass and crystalline product that is similar to obsidian. In June 1987, a large-scale test of the process was completed at a transuranic- contaminated soil site. This constituted the first full-scale demonstration of the ISV process at an actual site. This paper summarizes the preliminary results of this test and describes the processes' potential adaptation to radioactive and hazardous chemical waste contaminated soils. 10 refs., 10 figs

[en] Recently, concern has been expressed about potential toxic effects of both radon emission and release of toxic elements in leachate from inactive uranium mill tailings piles. Remedial action may be required to meet disposal standards set by the states and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In some cases, a possible disposal option is the exhumation and reburial (either on site or at a new location) of tailings and reliance on engineered barriers to satisfy the objectives established for remedial actions. Liners under disposal pits are the major engineered barrier for preventing contaminant release to ground and surface water. The purpose of this report is to provide a logical sequence of action, in the form of a decision tree, which could be followed to show whether a selected tailings disposal design meets the objectives for subsurface contaminant release without a liner. This information can be used to determine the need and type of liner for sites exhibiting a potential groundwater problem. The decision tree is based on the capability of hydrologic and mass transport models to predict the movement of water and contaminants with time. The types of modeling capabilities and data needed for those models are described, and the steps required to predict water and contaminant movement are discussed. A demonstration of the decision tree procedure is given to aid the reader in evaluating the need for the adequacy of a liner

No abstract available

[en] The project is concerned with the description of the methods and techniques used in waste management as regards their environmental aspects. Methods dealt with are the collection, sorting and conditioning of secondary raw materials, the collection, thermal treatment and deposition of wastes, and the composting of organic waste and horticultural wastes. The investigation covers the sectors municipal waste, bulky refuse, and non-toxic trade waste. In the area of secondary raw materials, paper/cardboard/millboard, glass, metals (aluminium, tin plate), plastics and composites are materials to be considered separately. Concerning the subject of ''waste avoidance/waste minimization'', the work investigates returnable systems in cooperation with several dairies and establishes recycling figures for the one-litre, glass milk bottle. With reference to three examples (starch, ''biopol'' and transparent foil, for instance ''cellophane''), the use of renewable raw materials as a packaging material is investigated. Finally, an overview is given on methods for recycling of residues used in the EC, the USA and Japan. (orig.)