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[en] Interpretation of brain images from older patients requires knowledge of changes that occur with healthy ageing. We constructed and tested a reference template for older subjects. We used MR images from normal subjects aged 65-70 and 75-80 to generate average age-specific images. We ranked the T2-weighted images by worsening brain tissue loss to create a diagram of key centiles. Two neuroradiologists tested the template during routine reporting; eight radiologists read 99 MR examinations without and then with the template. Fifty-four subjects (65-70 years) and 25 subjects (75-80 years) formed the reference images. For the two neuroradiologists, the reference template reduced the abnormal scan reporting from 28/42 without to 3/42 with the template. Of 99 MR examinations assessed by eight radiologists, 39/58 scans (67%) reported as moderate or severe atrophy without the template were reported as normal with the template (p=0.00011). Reference templates of the brain at older ages can ''calibrate'' radiology reporting. They could also be useful for research into ageing and related conditions. Larger numbers of examinations from more diverse populations and at different ages are required to increase the versatility of these templates. (orig.)
Journal
[en] Short communication
Journal
[en] Following CT observation of the hip muscles on the upper margin of the pelvic symphysis, we discussed the relationship of body movements with aging. The muscles of 137 healthy adults (76 males, 61 females) were studied: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius and pectineus. Cross-sectional areas (CSA) showed the gluteus maximus to be the largest (60%) of the whole muscular CSA; next were the gluteus medius and the iliopsoas (10%), the tensor fasciae latae (6%), and the remaining muscles (5%). Relative values were compared to males in their 20s and subsequent decades. The gluteus maximus and the sartorius of males in their 30s composed 65%, while the rectus femoris and the tensor fasciae latae made up less than 60%. Lack of intensive body movement in their 30s resulted in a marked reduction of muscular CSA. Those in their 50s were shown to have 70∼60% on the iliopsoas, pectinius and gluteus medius; those in their 70s, 60∼50%. Slow reductions of whole muscle result in a decrease of step length, an expansion of the base support width, and inflexibility of the legs. For females, comparisons were made with those in their 30s. CSA of the rectus femoris and pectinius showed a decrease in their 40s and values under 60% in their 70s, equal to the rates in males. Other muscles of females increased in their 40s, 50s and 60s and decreased in their 70s. (author)
Journal
Showa Igakkai Zasshi; ISSN 0037-4342; 
; v. 63(6); p. 531-540
; v. 63(6); p. 531-540
[en] In the present study, we propose an aging parameter based on the aging temperature and the holding time, in order to quantify the degree of aging in aluminum alloys. The variations in hardness and tensile properties associated with different aging conditions were experimentally observed and expressed on a single curve according to the aging progression, which was quantitatively evaluated using the proposed parameter. The use of the proposed parameter provides a map of the hardness distribution and enables the determination of the optimum condition of the aging treatment, not only for maximizing the hardness value, but also for preventing the over-aging phenomenon. (paper)
Journal
Materials Research Express (Online); ISSN 2053-1591; ; v. 4(7); [6 p.]
; v. 4(7); [6 p.]
[en] Short communication
Journal
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