[en] The purpose of this study was to investigate the proximate characteristics found of nano-calcium in shells of blood cockle (Anadara granosa liin) in four different areas, namely Kenjeran, Surabaya; Gresik Regency; Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency; and Bluru District, Sidoarjo Regency. The parameters used were yields, proximate analysis and mineral content of calcium (Ca) and lead (Pb). The results showed that the nano-calcium in blood cockle shell from Kenjeran, Surabaya, had the lowest yield value of 0.2448 grams. The highest proximate result of ash content was found in the shell of the cockle from Bluru, as much as 53.46%. (paper)

[en] Short communication. 2 refs, 1 fig., 1 tab

[en] Present article is devoted to organo mineral wastes of coal development and processing as a complex energy raw material. The technical conditions on using of ash slag products as fuel for application in various types of furnace plants depending on their humidity, ash content and sulphur content was elaborated.

[en] Estonian oil shale ash contains chemically active compounds which would undergo different spontaneous transformations in the atmosphere of air. For explaining these processes the system ash-water-air was studied storing moisture samples of ash in laboratory in open-air as well as hermetic conditions. The samples of dry ash formed at pulverized combustion of oil shale at the Baltic Power Plant, and samples obtained from ash storing plateau from different depth of different boreholes were under investigation. Storing conditions as well as the properties of initial samples have a great influence upon the processes taking place at storing of ashes. The results obtained could be used to explain and control the processes taking place at storing of ashes under atmospheric (wet) conditions

[en] This paper deals with the possibility of the utilization of used motor oils as non-ionic collectors in the flotation separation. Flotation tests were performed on a sample of coal from Poland. The criterion was to achieve the yield of concentrate over 70% and ash content below 10%. The results of laboratory investigations have shown that the application of used motor oils as flotation agents is possible. (paper)

[en] In this study, the effect of extractive content on fuel properties of selected woody and non-woody biomass samples has been evaluated. The results show significant variation in the amount of extractives (15-70%) present in different biomass samples. There is significant decrease in ash content, fixed carbon content and calorific value in extractive-free samples. The elemental carbon reduces after extraction in woody biomass. There is no specific trend observed in the reduction of elemental carbon with removal of extractives in non woody samples. In extractive-free samples, ash content decreases by 2-60%, fixed carbon content by 7-24% and calorific value by 1-17%. In conclusion, fuel properties of unextracted biomass are found to be better than extracted biomass. (author)

[en] A stockpile probe based on backscattered gamma-gamma-ray technique was tested for the determination of coal ash. A centralized tool employing a gamma-ray source of very low radioactivity (1.85 MBq) was used. This logging tool was tested using ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³³Ba sources with a 37 mm (diameter) by 75 mm NaI (TI) scintillation detector. Ten source-detector configurations were analyzed using ¹³⁷Cs, and another nine source-detector configurations are analyzed, using ¹³³Ba source, both for four geophysical models, having a borehole diameter of 90 mm. Regression analysis on the laboratory logging data for each studied configuration was carried out in order to establish calibration equations for ash prediction. The optimum configuration for the logging stockpile probe using ¹³⁷Cs source was determined to be 80 mm source to detector spacing, and 80 mm iron thickness shielding. This configuration gives the best results for ash prediction. The root mean square (rms) deviation for ash is 1.52%. The optimum configuration for the logging stockpile probe using ¹³³Ba source is determined to be 85 mm source to detector spacing, and 50 mm iron thickness shielding. This configuration gives the best results for ash prediction, where the rms deviation for ash is 1.47%

[en] This work presents the results of a study of raw materials and light-weight concrete properties and study of radionuclides concentrations in raw materials and light-weight concrete and their radiological implication. Furnace bottom ash from Israeli thermal power stations is a potentials material to be used as an aggregate in light-weight concretes.Utilization of furnace bottom ash wastes, can offer a solution to persistent ecological problems related to Use disposal of the ash as well as an economic Solution fur building materials production. The technical specification of the furnace bottom ash is close to the grading of natural sand and crushed stone, but with a high porosity and low density. (authors)

[en] The article presents the results of research on the enrichment of fine-grained coal grades, also known as coal slurries. The research was carried out on a semi-technical scale, using the method of gravity flow enrichment on a spiral separator type Reichert LD-4. The research material used in the research were three types of coal slurries, diversified in qualitative terms that were taken from technological process of the preparation plants. The enrichment efficiency tests were carried out in relation to changes in the density of the feed directed to the separator. The best distribution results for all tested coal slurries were obtained for the feed density of β = 300 g/dm³, where weighted averages of ash content in the obtained concentrates reached values of several percent. A statistical analysis was also performed, to which the multiple regression model was used. Using the constructed models, it is possible to determine which technological parameters affect the process of enriching coal sludge. (paper)

[en] In this paper, the results of the Spherical Oil Agglomeration of .45 micrometer super pits low grade coal particles (Bag worth Colliery, U.K.) within a suspension are presented. Demineralized agglomerates were recovered directly by sieving on a 106 micrometer sieve. Very good reductions in the ash content of the feed coal samples were achieved. In order to reduce the high levels of the crude oil dosage comparatively, small quantities of surfactants were added to the suspension. Of the various surfactants screened, Triton x.405 (non.ionic) proved to be very efficient and a crude oil reduction of over 60 weight % was achieved for concentrates containing 8 weight % ash