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Serzhanova, Z.B.; Aidarkhanova, A.K.; Lukashenko, S.N.; Lyakhova, O.N.; Timonova, L.V.; Raimkanova, A.M., E-mail: serzhanova@nnc.kz2018
AbstractAbstract
[en] Highlights: • In this article we propose a method of phase definitions of the various forms of 3H in the soil. • Detailed consideration of the alleged speciation of 3H in the soil. • We investigated the distribution of speciation of 3H and in the soils of radiation-dangerous objects. • Revealed that the distribution of speciation form of 3H associated with the mechanism of formation of 3H in the study object. - Abstract: Speciation of tritium (3H) in soils from the “Balapan” site in Semipalatinsk are presented in this study. Three interrelated objects were chosen for further study: “Atomic” lake, the Shagan River and an external reservoir. The main speciation forms of 3H in soil were: 3H in surface-adsorbed water, 3H in interlayer water, hydroxylic 3H, organically bound 3H and crystalline-bound 3H. Results will allow an estimation of contamination mechanism to be made, and will also allow the potential for migration and bioavailability of 3Hto be assessed.
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S0265931X17304630; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.02.016; © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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AbstractAbstract
[en] Highlights: • Linc01230 expression was reduced by ox-LDL treatment in endothelial cells. • Linc01230 was transcriptionally promoted by PPARγ. • PPARγ directly bound to linc01230 promoter, predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed by ChIP. • Gain-and-loss of functions revealed that linc01230 alleviates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. Evidence is growing that PPARγ could improve the bioavailability of NO in pathological conditions to maintain endothelial function by activating Akt/eNOS pathway. LincRNAs participate in regulating development of cardiovascular diseases. Although investigations have been made to delineate the function of PPARγ and lincRNAs, little is known about the regulation relationship between them, especially in endothelial cells. In this study, we not only verified that PPARγ could antagonize the adverse effects brought from ox-LDL, but also found a novel factor related to PPARγ, named linc01230. According to our study, PPARγ transcriptionally regulated linc01230 by specifically combining with two binding regions, which have superposition effect, in the upstream of linc01230 promoter. In addition, linc01230 reduced ox-LDL induced endothelial dysfunction and affected the phosphorylation of Akt. These results conclude linc01230 as a novel modifier in PPARγ–mediated activation of Akt in endothelial function.
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S0006291X18324513; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.045; Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; ISSN 0006-291X;
; CODEN BBRCA9; v. 507(1-4); p. 369-376

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AbstractAbstract
[en] The aim of this study is to evaluate chemical and biological profile of methanol extracts from Malaysian propolis produced by two commonly found sting less bee species, Heterotrigona itama (MHI) and Geniotrigona thoracica (MGT). Test samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as moisture, fat, crude fibre, crude protein, carbohydrate and ash content. Tests for phyto chemical screening by thin layer chromatography of both extracts revealed that presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols and essential oils but steroids, saponin and coumarins only occur in MHI. Both extracts displayed a characteristic profile and vary from each other. Accordingly, MHI possess higher antioxidant activity with an IC_5_0 of 15.0 ± 0.21 μg/ mL compared to MGT with IC_5_0 of 270.0 ± 0.19 μg/ mL. MHI showed moderate nitric oxide scavenging activity, while MGT only showed mild inhibition. Antidiabetic activity was determined by α-glucosidase inhibition and found significantly better than that of acarbose (positive control). In conclusion, data gathered in this study revealed that bee species play role in determining the chemical and biological profile of particular propolis and should put into account in decision of further development for propolis. (author)
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Abstract and full text available in http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/mjas/; Official journal of The Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS)
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Journal Article
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Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences; ISSN 1394-2506;
; v. 20(2); p. 413-422

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AbstractAbstract
[en] Identification and evaluation of factors determining the circulation of radionuclides in the environment is a major problem of radioecology. In many cases, the parameters characterizing time-related decreases in the contents of radionuclides in various components of agricultural ecosystems (primarily, in agricultural products) after a single (accidental) discharge of radio-nuclides into the environment are very important for evaluating the risk incurred by living on the contaminated territory. 3 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs
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Cover-to-Cover Translation of Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Biologiya (USSR); 343: No. 1, 715-718(1995).
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Translation
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Waidyanatha, Suramya; Johnson, Jerry D.; Hong, S. Peter; Robinson, Veronica Godfrey; Gibbs, Seth; Graves, Steven W.; Hooth, Michelle J.; Smith, Cynthia S., E-mail: waidyanathas@niehs.nih.gov2013
AbstractAbstract
[en] Plants containing thujone have widespread use and hence have significant human exposure. α-Thujone caused seizures in rodents following gavage administration. We investigated the toxicokinetics of α-thujone in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice following intravenous and gavage administration of α-thujone or a mixture of α- and β-thujone (which will be referred to as α,β-thujone). Absorption of α-thujone following gavage administration was rapid without any dose-, species-, sex- or test article-related effect. Absolute bioavailability of α-thujone following administration of α-thujone or α,β-thujone was generally higher in rats than in mice. In rats, females had higher bioavailability than males following administration of either test article although a sex difference was not observed in mice. Cmax and AUC∞ increased greater than proportional to the dose in female rats following administration of α-thujone and in male and female mice following administration of α,β-thujone suggesting possible saturation of elimination kinetics with increasing dose. Dose-adjusted AUC∞ for male and female rats was 5- to 15-fold and 3- to 24-fold higher than mice counterparts following administration of α-thujone and α,β-thujone, respectively (p-value < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Following both intravenous and gavage administration, α-thujone was distributed to the brains of rats and mice with females, in general, having higher brain:plasma ratios than males. These data are in support of the observed toxicity of α-thujone and α,β-thujone where females were more sensitive than males of both species to α-thujone-induced neurotoxicity. In general there was no difference in toxicokinetics between test articles when normalized to α-thujone concentration. - Highlights: • Absorption of α-thujone following gavage administration was rapid in rats and mice. • Rats undergo higher exposure to α-thujone than mice. • α-Thujone brain:plasma ratios were greater than 1 in both rats and mice. • Brain:plasma ratio in females was higher than in males. • These data are in support of the observed neurotoxicity of α-thujone
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S0041-008X(13)00190-7; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.001; Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
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Cubadda, F.; Aureli, F.; Ciardullo, S.; Patriarca, M. (Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome (Italy)); Istituto Superiore di Sanita (Italy); 207 p; 2009; p. 199; 3. International Iupac Symposium on trace elements in food; Rome (Italy); 1-3 Apr 2009; ISSN 0393-5620;
; Available from http://www.iss.it

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AbstractAbstract
[en] Health benefits of honey have been reported in a variety of conditions including microbial infections, wound healing, inflammation, glucose tolerance and analgesia. Honey is a supersaturated sugar solution mainly comprised of D-fructose, D-glucose, sucrose, maltose and higher sugars (80% of solid mass). While other natural products i.e. alkaloids, flavonoids/isoflavones, glycosides, phenolics, peptides/proteins are present in minor quantities. A number of enzymes such as invertase, amylase and glucose oxidase have been found in honey. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of honey are well documented and characterized. These antimicrobial properties have been related to oligosaccharides, glycopeptides and peptides present in honey. Honey glucose oxidase provides a continuous and slow release of hydrogen peroxide at a level which is antibacterial but not tissue-damaging. Hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase plays important roles in inflammation, wound healing etc. The antimicrobial properties of honey have great potential for application in medicine as well as in food industry. (author)
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Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; ISSN 1681-4525;
; v. 44(3); p. 118-124

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AbstractAbstract
[en] In this study, the bioavailability of DDTr (sum of DDT, DDD and DDE isomers) in pesticide-contaminated soil was assessed using an in vivo mouse model. DDTr relative bioavailability (RBA) ranged from 18.7±0.9 (As35) to 60.8±7.8% (As36) indicating that a significant portion of soil-bound DDTr was not available for absorption following ingestion. When DDTr bioaccessibility was assessed using the organic Physiologically Based Extraction Test (org-PBET), the inclusion of a sorption sink (silicone cord) enhanced DDTr desorption by up to 20-fold (1.6–3.8% versus 18.9–56.3%) compared to DDTr partitioning into gastrointestinal fluid alone. Enhanced desorption occurred as a result of the silicone cord acting as a reservoir for solubilized DDTr to partition into, thereby creating a flux for further desorption until equilibrium was achieved. When the relationship between in vivo and in vitro data was assessed, a strong correlation was observed between the mouse bioassay and the org-PBET+silicone cord (slope=0.94, y-intercept=3.5, r2=0.72) suggesting that the in vitro approach may provide a robust surrogate measure for the prediction of DDTr RBA in contaminated soil. - Highlights: • An optimised mouse assay was used to quantify DDTr relative bioavailability in soil. • DDTr bioaccessibility was also determined using an in vitro sorption sink approach. • A strong correlation was observed between in vivo and in vitro data. • The sorption sink approach may be used to predict DDTr relative bioavailability.
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S0013-9351(16)30273-0; Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.039; Copyright (c) 2016 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Keane, A.; Phoenix, P.; Lau, P.C.K.; Ghoshal, S.
An international perspective on environmental engineering2002
An international perspective on environmental engineering2002
AbstractAbstract
[en] The limited rate and extent of biodegradation in contaminated soils is often attributed to a lack of bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds. To date, the majority of studies aimed at assessing bioavailability and modes of bacterial uptake have relied upon quantification of microbial degradation rates in comparison to rates of dissolution or desorption in corresponding abiotic systems. Several studies have indicated the possibility of a direct uptake mechanism for sorbed or separate phase compounds. However, there is a lack of direct evidence to support these claims. To address the need for a direct measurement technique for microbial bioavailability, we have constructed a whole-cell bioluminescent biosensor, Pseudomonas putida F1G4 (PpF1G4), by fusing lux genes that encode for bioluminescence to the solvent efflux pump (sep) promoter element in PpF1G4, which is induced by the presence of target organic compounds. When the biosensor microorganism is exposed to an inducing compound, the bioluminescence system is activated and the cell produces an intensity of visible light (λ = 495 nm) that is directly related to the level of exposure to the contaminant. Batch experiments were carried out to assess whether the biosensor is able to sense the presence of toluene, a representative target compound, contained in a NAPL. Preliminary results show that while PpF1G4 responds to toluene in the aqueous phase, the biosensor does not appear to emit a significant bioluminescence signal in response to the toluene present in the NAPL. Ongoing research is focusing on optimizing the experimental procedure to fully explore this issue. (author)
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Stiver, W.H.; Zytner, R.G. (Univ. of Guelph, School of Engineering, Guelph, Ontario (Canada)) (eds.); Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, Quebec (Canada); 37.3 Megabytes; ISBN 0-88955-532-X;
; Jun 2002; [5 p.]; An international perspective on environmental engineering : joint 2002 CSCE/ASCE international conference on environmental engineering; Niagara Falls, Ontario (Canada); 21-24 Jul 2002; Available from Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, Quebec (Canada); 13 refs., 2 figs.

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Bone, Sharon E.; Dynes, James J.; Cliff, John; Bargar, John R.
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Funding organisation: USDOE Office of Science - SC, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23) (United States)2017
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Funding organisation: USDOE Office of Science - SC, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23) (United States)2017
AbstractAbstract
[en] Uranium is an important carbon-free fuel source and environmental contaminant that accumulates in the tetravalent state, U(IV), in anoxic sediments, such as ore deposits, marine basins, and contaminated aquifers. However, little is known about the speciation of U(IV) in low-temperature geochemical environments, inhibiting the development of a conceptual model of U behavior. Until recently, U(IV) was assumed to exist predominantly as the sparingly soluble mineral uraninite (UO_2_+_x) in anoxic sediments; however, studies now show that this is not often the case. Yet a model of U(IV) speciation in the absence of mineral formation under field-relevant conditions has not yet been developed. Uranium(IV) speciation controls its reactivity, particularly its susceptibility to oxidative mobilization, impacting its distribution and toxicity. Here we show adsorption to organic carbon and organic carbon-coated clays dominate U(IV) speciation in an organic-rich natural substrate under field-relevant conditions. Whereas previous research assumed that U(IV) speciation is dictated by the mode of reduction (i.e., whether reduction is mediated by microbes or by inorganic reductants), our results demonstrate that mineral formation can be diminished in favor of adsorption, regardless of reduction pathway. Projections of U transport and bioavailability, and thus its threat to human and ecosystem health, must consider U(IV) adsorption to organic matter within the sediment environment.
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SLAC-PUB--16909; OSTIID--1340156; AC02-76SF00515; Available from http://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1340156; DOE Accepted Manuscript full text, or the publishers Best Available Version will be available free of charge after the embargo period
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; ISSN 0027-8424;
; v. 114(4); vp

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