[en] Since 26 September 2015, the Ecodesign ErP Directive has been of compulsory application for EU Member States as regards the design of Energy-related Products (ErP) and as from its entry into force only those products manufactured according to the ErP requirements can be sold with the EC label. Although this directive affects over 1,000 product categories, for those relating to HVAC and DHW production, it covers boilers, heat pumps, accumulators, cogeneration systems, combined products systems, establishing their minimum efficiency levels, the maximum levels of NOX emissions, the minimum insulation for accumulators and the maximum level of acoustic emissions for heat pumps. (Author)

[en] In this work, a cost-benefit analysis concerning the use of fuel oil additives in heavy fuel oil fired water tube boilers is performed. The properties of various additives are discussed and their advantages and disadvantages outlined. Finally, the possible use of additives within a generation system and the cost implications are examined. Based on the market survey, it can be concluded that FO additives can prove beneficial, both technically and financially

[en] The aim of this research was to study the boilers used for energy production and the present utilization and the future aspects of forest chips as a fuel in the Northern Finland. The research material was gathered using an inquiry which was sent to all the communities of Northern Finland and the some industrial and other plants using wood energy. The data contains almost all the boilers, but is inadequate in the case of industrial oil-fueled boilers. The thermal power of the boiler plants sited in the Northern Finland was 3500 MW. The amount of boilers using indigenous solid fuels was 1900 MW. Milled peat was used as the main fuel in 32 % of the boilers, oil in 26 %, industrial waste liquids in 19%, industrial waste wood in 17 %, sod peat in 4 % and forest chips in 1 % of the boilers. Forest chips was used as the main fuel in 13 plants, but it was used in total 28 plants, the power of which was 570 MW in total. The amount of indigenous fuels used in the Northern Finland in 1991 was about 10.0 million bulk-m₃, and about 7524 GWh of energy was produced by using them. The portion of milled peat of the produced energy was 70 % and that of the industrial wood wastes 28 %. About 245 000 bulk-m³ of forest chips was used, the portion of which of the total energy production was 2 %. The factor rendering the utilization of forest chips is its high price. If the forest chips would be a competitive fuel 31 plants would increase the utilization of it by about 60 % from the level of 1991. 15 plants stopped utilization of forest chips in 1983-1992. At the present price level 4 plants will decrease the utilization of forest chips by 20-80 %, and 7 plants will stop the utilization of it. The main reason for this is the high price of the forest chips

[en] The Pennsylvania State University, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is performing a feasibility analysis on installing a state-of-the-art circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler and ceramic filter emission control device at Penn State's University Park campus for cofiring multiple biofuels and other wastes with coal, and developing a test program to evaluate cofiring multiple biofuels and coal-based feedstocks. Penn State currently operates an aging stoker-fired steam plant at its University Park campus and has spent considerable resources over the last ten to fifteen years investigating boiler replacements and performing life extension studies. This effort, in combination with a variety of agricultural and other wastes generated at the agricultural-based university and the surrounding rural community, has led Penn State to assemble a team of fluidized bed and cofiring experts to assess the feasibility of installing a CFB boiler for cofiring biomass and other wastes along with coal-based fuels

[en] The Pennsylvania State University, under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is performing a feasibility analysis on installing a state-of-the-art circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler and ceramic filter emission control device at Penn State's University Park campus for cofiring multiple biofuels and other wastes with coal, and developing a test program to evaluate cofiring multiple biofuels and coal-based feedstocks. Penn State currently operates an aging stoker-fired steam plant at its University Park campus and has spent considerable resources over the last ten to fifteen years investigating boiler replacements and performing life extension studies. This effort, in combination with a variety of agricultural and other wastes generated at the agricultural-based university and the surrounding rural community, has led Penn State to assemble a team of fluidized bed and cofiring experts to assess the feasibility of installing a CFB boiler for cofiring biomass and other wastes along with coal-based fuels. The objective of the project is being accomplished using a team that includes personnel from Penn State's Energy Institute and the Office of Physical Plant, Foster Wheeler Energy Services, Inc., and Cofiring Alternatives

[en] Solid fuel, especially coal, still makes a strong case for power projects. Although gas has the advantage now, the balance could shift by the end of the century

[en] After describing the plant's main operating systems and components, the author discusses the boiler's construction methods and main features. He describes the difficulties encountered and improvements which might be made in the future

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: ► Simplified model for biomass combustion was developed. ► Porous zone conditions are used in the bed. ► Model is fully integrated in a commercial CFD code to simulate a small scale pellet boiler. ► Pollutant emissions are well predicted. ► Simulation provides extensive information about the behaviour of the boiler. - Abstract: This paper presents a computational fluid dynamic simulation of a domestic pellet boiler. Combustion of the solid fuel in the burner is an important issue when discussing the simulation of this type of system. A simplified method based on a thermal balance was developed in this work to introduce the effects provoked by pellet combustion in the boiler simulation. The model predictions were compared with the experimental measurements, and a good agreement was found. The results of the boiler analysis show that the position of the water tubes, the distribution of the air inlets and the air infiltrations are the key factors leading to the high emission levels present in this type of system.

No abstract available