[en] Specifications are set forth for the manufacture, chemical requirements, sampling, and packaging of virgin Ti metal stock (sponge). The chemical composition requirements are tabulated. The methods by which the chemical analyses and the Brinell hardness test shall be carried out are specified

[en] It is stated that the rim formed in steels during Brinell hardness tests is a reaction of the material expressing a relationship to its fracture toughness. As the rim and the cap of the indent have microscopic dimensions, the Brinell hardness test makes possible a quasi nondestructive determination of K_c immediately on the object to be tested. A diagram is presented which allows to read fracture toughness if rim height and cap diameter are known. (orig.)

[en] Twelve steel works laboratories took part in the experimental programme carried out on the systematic study of the hardness-strength relationship for very diverse ranges of steels. The Rm strength regressions were calculated in terms of the Brinell and Vickers hardness numbers

[en] Developing excellent performance conductors with high strength and electrical conductivity is a key issue in the electrical conductor industries. In this paper, an extruded composites containing trace amounts of Sc, Zr and graphene was prepared. Then all samples were extruded into round bars with a final diameter of 6.3 mm. Research results show that the UTS of one stage aging is 181 ± 2.7 MPa and the elongation is 21.4%. The hardness increases rapidly from 25.8HB(Brinell hardness) to 69.8HB within the first 12 h when the aging temperature at 280 °C. During the secondly stage aging, a peak electrical conductivity of 58.5%IACS(International annealed copper standard, 100%IACS = 58.0 MS m⁻¹), which is obtained after a secondary aging at 380 °C for 48 h. A large number of nano-sized precipitates phase with smaller diameter are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix after aging at 280 °C for 24 h. With the increasing of aging time, the size of the precipitates phase increases significantly. This work also provides a good guideline for designing heat-resistant conductors. (paper)

No abstract available

[en] Full text: The mechanical properties of uranium depend on its purity, and which mechanical and thermal regimes are used for reprocessing. The average elasticity module value for cast uranium is 20.5•10"-"2 mega newton/m"2 (20.9•10"-"3 kilogram-force/mm"2), strength limit during tension at room temperature is 372–470 mega newton/m"2 (38–48 kilogram-force/mm"2), strength is increased after hardening from β - and γ - phases; and average rigidity by Brinell 19.6–21.6•10"2 mega newton/m"2 (200–220 kilogram-force/mm"2). Exposure by neutron flux (which occurs in nuclear reactors) changes the physical and mechanical properties of uranium: creeping develops and brittleness increases, goods deformation is observed, which forces the operator to use uranium in nuclear reactors as different uranium alloys.

[en] Full text: The mechanical properties of uranium depend on its purity, and which mechanical and thermal regimes are used for reprocessing. The average elasticity module value for cast uranium is 20.5•10"-"2 mega newton/m"2 (20.9•10"-"3 kilogram-force/mm"2), strength limit during tension at room temperature is 372–470 mega newton/m"2 (38–48 kilogram-force/mm"2), strength is increased after hardening from β - and γ - phases; and average rigidity by Brinell 19.6–21.6•10"2 mega newton/m"2 (200–220 kilogram-force/mm"2). Exposure by neutron flux (which occurs in nuclear reactors) changes the physical and mechanical properties of uranium: creeping develops and brittleness increases, goods deformation is observed, which forces the operator to use uranium in nuclear reactors as different uranium alloys. (author)

[en] The wear resistance in dry friction of two electrolytic and two pVD hard chromium coatings deposited on construction steel substrates is studied by means of standard pin on disc multi-pass, unidirectional operation. For both of these friction modes low cycle high load operation with cemented carbide pins leads to essentially coatings hardness controlled, abrasive wear. For these well adhering commercial coatings (both for through thickness cracking and for spalling failure) assessed by standard testing, are inadequate for quality ranking with respect to wear resistance. Steady state friction corresponds to a stabilised third body essentially composed of chromium oxide. (authors). 13 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab

[en] The judgement of the ball hardness is often made by the basic knowledge of the year 1900. Hereby a hardness value is determined that is neither a geometrical nor a material based constant value. In newer literature a mathematical and material constant value is exhibited that can be recorded by practical depth measurements. This constant value agrees with the Brinell hardness HB in the case of the mark h = D/4 and excludes almost every cold shaping. The knowledge based on this results are transferred to a testing device in a constructive way. (orig.)

[en] In this study, the production and properties of titanium tri-aluminide (Al₃Ti) particle reinforced functionally graded composites (FGCs) by a centrifugal casting method, are investigated. FGCs were produced by using Al-Ti master alloy which was alloyed with copper and silicon and without alloying to obtain three types of composites, namely Al₃Ti/Al, Al₃Ti/Al-Si and Al₃Ti/Al-Cu FGC. It was observed that produced composites contain two different area: the functionally graded and Al₃Ti-free area. The ratio and size of Al₃Ti particles were found to change regionally in functionally graded area of each composite type. The effects of the regional change in functionally graded area and both the reinforcement ratio and particle size of composite types were discussed using statistical techniques. In addition, density, Brinell hardness and abrasive wear property of Al₃Ti particle reinforced FGCs have been examined inwardly from the outer surface of composites depending on the centrifugal force direction. The results showed an improvement in Brinell hardness value inwardly from the outer surface of composites in each composite type. It was observed that the volumetric wear loss of composites were reduced by increasing the ratio of Al₃Ti particles in the matrix. (paper)