[en] The current, third period in the development of radiation therapy in Bulgaria dates back to the second half of the 20th century. After the nationalization of the private X-ray machines in 1947, all radiotherapy facilities were concentrated in state hospitals. Oncological disease treatment became the major objective of radiotherapy. Radiotherapeutic assistance is considered as priority in the Oncological network, i.e. the National Cancer Institute in Sofia (NCI), established in 1952 as a successor of the Bulgarian Anticancer Centre (1937), in conjunction with the newly created Regional Oncological Centres (GOC). In 1957, the supply of ⁶⁰Co needles and applicators broadened the scope of curietherapy in the NCI. Chairs of roentgenology and radiology in Sofia and Plovdiv, and in several ROC were established. In 1959 megavoltage percutaneous radiotherapy was performed for the first time in the NCL and Postgraduate Medical Institute. Two telegammatherapeutic machines (GUT - 400 Ci) were installed and replaced in 1966 by ⁶⁰Co units and one Betatron. A substantial contribution to the progress of Bulgarian radiotherapy is attributed to establishing Medical Radiology as a separate specialty in 1960 on the recommendation of the First National Congress of Bulgarian roentgenologists and radiologists. The radiological section at the NCI, radiotherapy section at the Chair of Medical Radiology-Postgraduate Medical Institute, Plovdiv are the basic centres promoting further development of radiotherapy in Bulgaria. (author)

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[en] This study was undertaken to determine the genetic structure and the diversity between 2 local cattle breeds from Bulgaria, the Rhodope Shorthorn and Grey cattle. A panel of 11 microsatellites was used for the evaluation. For these loci, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, HWE, genetic disequilibrium were determined. Both populations displayed a relatively high level of genetic variation as estimated by allelic diversity and heterozygosity. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.5424 /SPS 115/ to 0.8983 /TGLA 227/ for the Rhodope population and 0.6333 /TGLA 53/ to 0.9333 /TGLA227/ for Grey cattle, with similar average values for the two groups - 0.7858 and 0.7757. This study contributes to the knowledge of the genetic diversity, genetic structure and to the molecular characterization of small populations on the brink of extinction. Since the actual implementation of a sustainable program for the conservation of animal genetic resources requires a wide variety of technologies and approaches it is now possible to characterize them at DNA level. Both Grey and Rhodope Shorthorn cattle breeds were genetically characterized by using DNA markers. The characterization of Bulgarian cattle local breeds with microsatellite loci is useful to identify high informative markers for each breed while simultaneously would facilitate the genotypic identification. All loci were polymorphic and this indicates that the microsatellite markers used are suitable for genetic diversity study. The comparison between the two local breeds shows that they display a remarkable high variability. This clearly suggests that these breeds have potential value to be preserved as genetic resources. The highest value of Bulgarian local breeds is determined of the genes they possess as a source of their excellent adaptive capabilities, high resistance to diseases and ability of good meat and milk quality. More work and analysis will be required in the future to increase the efficiency of studying a larger number of microsatellites. Additional information on productive, morphological, and fitness-related traits of these breeds is needed, however, as these factors should also be taken into account when ranking breeds for preservation purposes. (author)

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[en] The recently issued International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) publications (GS-R-3, GS-G-3.1 and GS-G-3.5) regarding Management Systems for Facilities and Activities define requirements for creation, introduction, evaluation and continuously improvement of the Management System, which unifies the safety, health, environment, security, quality and economic elements. According to GS-R-3 the Integrated Management System is based on defined processes identified in the enterprises: Managing, Basic and Supporting processes. At implementation of their activities, the organizations often apply other standards in their interrelations with suppliers and the parties concerned - ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001:2007, regarding quality, environment and occupational health and safety management. The integration of the standards of both series ensure the observance of the common management principles that reflect the best practices of management as leadership, participation of the people, process approach, continuously improvement, systematical approach to the management and approach based on facts used at the making decisions. The main objective of the Integrated Management System introduction is to ensure safety considering the influence of all additional impacts taken together. The Integrated Management System is based on the process approach at implementation of the activities in nuclear power plant. The transition to the process oriented approach require long period of time, during which the distribution of the responsibilities is optimized up to the level that will satisfy the requirements, reach and maintain the stipulated objectives. The Configuration Management (CM) is an integrated management process by means of which conformity between design requirements, physical configuration and the plant documentation is ascertained and maintained during the entire life cycle of the facility. Processes within configuration management are not isolated, but are part of the Integrated Management System. CM ensures that during the entire operational life of the plant the following requirements are met: · The basic design requirements of the plant are established, documented and maintained; · The physical structures, systems and components (SSCs) of the plant are in conformity with the design requirements; · The physical and functional characteristics of the plant are correctly incorporated in the operational and maintenance documentation, as well as in the documents for testing and training; · The changes in the design documentation are incorporated in the physical configuration and · the operative documentation; · The changes in the design are minimized by management process for review according to approved criteria. The purpose of this report is to try to clarify the place of configuration management program within the Integrated Management System of Kozloduy NPP and to present the computerized information system for organization of the operational activities (IS OOA) as a tool for effective management of the facility. (authors)

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[en] After the great discovery of Henri Becquerel, the term 'radiation' begins to acquire meaning. Since that time (nearly a century ago) the perception for radiation oscillated between extremely negative and extremely positive. Today, we are aware that the radiation can be harmful but also it can be extremely useful. Enjoying the benefits, provided by the radiation, we must be informed, attentive and disciplined. Otherwise the radiation can lead to disastrous consequences. Keywords: radiation, incident, safety, measures

[en] In this paper, I offer a brief review of the development of plasma physics research in Bulgaria over the past two–three decades. The main focus is on the highlights of various research groups or individuals alongside their cooperation with leading European universities and institutions in studying laboratory, thermonuclear and astrophysical plasmas. PACS codes: 01.10.Fv, 95.30.Qd

[en] This study was undertaken to determine the genetic structure and diversity among two local cattle breeds from Bulgaria, the Rhodope Shorthorn and Grey cattle. A panel of 11 microsatellites was used for the evaluation. For these loci, allele frequencies, heterozygosity, HWE, genetic disequilibrium were determined. Both populations displayed a relatively high level of genetic variation as estimated by allelic diversity and heterozygosity. Heterozygosities ranged from 0.5424 (SPS 115) to 0.8983 (TGLA 227) for the Rhodope population and from 0.6333 (TGLA 53) to 0.9333 (TGLA227) for Grey cattle, with similar average values for the two groups (0.7858 and 0.7757). These results clearly suggest that these breeds are suitable to preserve as genetic resources. (author)