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[en] Since the end of the Cold War, a number of non-nuclear weapon states have pursued enrichment of uranium by gas centrifuges. At the moment, the most challenging case is that of Iran, who has continued to build their gas centrifuge plant. Iran contends they only want to make enriched fuel for nuclear reactors, but the line between civil and military enrichment activities is very thin. The IAEA and Western countries are trying to find ways to assure that Iran does not produce uranium enriched to weapons grade levels. In this talk, I describe gas centrifuges and cascades of gas centrifuges, and I discuss the challenges of safeguarding enrichment plants. I also discuss possibilities for thickening the thin line. These efforts are of utmost importance, not only for Iran, but for other nations that may want to pursue the nuclear fuel cycle in the future
Journal
Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft; ISSN 0420-0195; 
; CODEN VDPEAZ; (Hamburg 2009 issue); [1 p.]
; CODEN VDPEAZ; (Hamburg 2009 issue); [1 p.]
[en] The technical information presented herein emphasizes the uniqueness of the centrifugal separations methodology and pertinent theory for various kinds of centrifugation. The topics are arranged according to gas, liquid, and solid phases, in the order of increasing densities. Much space is devoted to liquid centrifugation because of the importance of this technique in chemical and biological laboratories. Many separational and characterizational examples are illustrated in detail. The material has been divided into 7 chapters entitled: 1) Introduction, 2) Basic Theory of Centrifugation, 3) Gas Centrifuges, 4) Preparative Liquid Centrifuges, 5) Analytical Liquid Centrifuges, 6) Liquid Centrifuges in Practice, and 7) Mechanical Separations by Centrifuges. Separate abstracts have been prepared for each chapter except the introduction
Source
Techniques of chemistry, Volume XVI; 1981; 484 p; John Wiley and Sons, Inc; New York, NY; ISBN 0-471-05564-6;
[en] The gas centrifuge is not only considered more than a match for lasers for at least the rest of this century, but also the particular technical characteristics of the process make it especially suitable for re-enriching reprocessed uranium. (author)
Journal
[en] The United States government has announced that the next plant to be built in this country for the enrichment of U-235 will be a gas centrifuge plant rather than a gaseous diffusion plant. The important aspects of the theory of isotope separation for these two processes are reviewed, and the differences between them are delineated. The advantages and disadvantage of the centrifuge process are enumerated. 3 refs
Journal
AIChE Symposium Series; ISSN 0065-8812; ; v. 76 p. 82-88
; v. 76 p. 82-88
[en] A review is given of the three main areas where flexibility is needed in the design of centrifuge enrichment plants. These are: the need to cope with market requirements, the limitations imposed by currently available centrifuges and ever advancing centrifuge technology. Details of BNFL's experience with centrifuge enrichment at Capenhurst are presented. (U.K.)
Journal
Nucl. Energy; ISSN 0140-4067; ; v. 21(4); p. 215-221
; v. 21(4); p. 215-221
[en] To ensure that the latest technical innovations can be rapidly incorporated, centrifuge development in the Urenco organization is carried out in different phases simultaneously on different generations of machines. This system has led to progressively increased outputs and reduced specific costs, and with the further known potential available, is expected to maintain Urenco's competitiveness throughout the 1990s. The process of separating isotopes by centrifuge is described. (author)
Journal
[en] The unified expression of the separation power and the overall separation factor, the cut and the concentration of the feed were derived. The influence of the three factors to the separation was described also. The results showed that the separation power increase along with the overall separation factor increase, the separation power can acquire the maximum value when the cut is about 0.5, the separation power is lower in the high feed concentration and the low feed concentration, and the maximum when the feed concentration is about 0.5. (authors)
Journal
Journal of Isotopes; ISSN 1000-7512; ; v. 21(3); p. 129-134
; v. 21(3); p. 129-134
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