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AbstractAbstract
[en] Recently, chromium isotopes have been enriched using gas centrifuges that were developed by the United States Department of Energy for the purpose of enriching uranium in the fissionable isotope 235U. The process gas employed was chromyl-fluoride. The enrichment was carried out using a single gas centrifuge that was set up to emphasize the enrichment of the light isotope 50Cr, which has a natural abundance of 4.35%. The highest enrichment tested to date is 21.4%. Higher values are possible with additional repasses. The heavy isotopes 54Cr can be enriched instead of the 50Cr with an adjustment to the machine flows. Currently, work is under way to refine the cost projections associated with feed production and conversion back to an oxide and to optimize the centrifuge separative performance. (orig.)
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14. world conference of the International Nuclear Target Development Society (INTDS): Heavy-ion targets and related phenomena; Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.); 5-9 Sep 1988; CONTRACT DE-AC05-84OR21400
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Journal Article
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Conference
Journal
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A; ISSN 0168-9002;
; CODEN NIMAE; v. 282(1); p. 277-280

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Liu Jing-Jing, E-mail: liujingjing68@126.com2013
AbstractAbstract
[en] Following the theory of relativity, in the presence of an ultrastrong magnetic field (UMF) and utilizing a nuclear shell model, we carry out an estimation of the neutrino energy loss (NEL) rates of nuclides 53–60Cr, which occur by electron capture in magnetars. The results show that the NEL rates greatly increase when a UMF is present, and can even exceed nine orders of magnitude at relatively lower density and temperature (e.g. ρ7 = 5.86, Ye = 0.47, T9 = 7.33) in the range from 1013 G to 1018 G. However, the increase in rates was no more than six orders of magnitude at relatively higher density and temperature (e.g. ρ7 = 4.86 × 108, Ye = 0.39, T9 = 14.35)
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Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/13/8/006; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
Journal
Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics; ISSN 1674-4527;
; v. 13(8); p. 945-951

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BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CAPTURE, CHROMIUM ISOTOPES, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, FERMIONS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, ISOTOPES, LEPTONS, LOSSES, MASSLESS PARTICLES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, MILLISECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, NUCLEAR MODELS, NUCLEI, PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, RADIOISOTOPES, SECONDS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES, STABLE ISOTOPES, STARS
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Chida, K.; Iwata, K.; Ueda, N.; Tanaka, J.; Kaneda, K.
Tokyo Univ., Tanashi (Japan). Inst. for Nuclear Study1972
Tokyo Univ., Tanashi (Japan). Inst. for Nuclear Study1972
AbstractAbstract
No abstract available
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May 1972; 12 p
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Report
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Prince, A.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. (USA)1976
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. (USA)1976
AbstractAbstract
[en] A re-evaluation has been made of neutron and gamma production cross sections for reactions of neutrons with 50,52,53,54Cr and natural Cr. In addition, energy level schemes and Q values are presented. 97 references
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Source
Aug 1976; 117 p; ENDF--246; Available from NTIS., PC A07/MF A01
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Report
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BARYON REACTIONS, BARYONS, CHROMIUM ISOTOPES, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, ELEMENTS, ENERGY, EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, FERMIONS, HADRON REACTIONS, HADRONS, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, IONIZING RADIATIONS, ISOTOPES, METALS, NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NUCLEI, NUCLEON REACTIONS, NUCLEONS, RADIATIONS, STABLE ISOTOPES, TARGETS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The United States depends entirely on foreign sources for the critical material, chromium, making it very vulnerable to supply disruptions. This vulnerability results because chromium is essential for the fabrication of corrosion-resisting steels and high-temperature, oxidation-resisting alloys in applications that are vital to the nation's technological well-being; because no substitutes are known for these materials in those applications; and because the known, substantial deposits of chromite ore are only in a few geographical locations that could become inaccessible to the United States as a result of political actions. The effectiveness of programs such as stockpiling, conservation, and research and development for substitutes to reduce the impact of disruption of imports of chromite and ferrochromium are discussed. Alternatives for decreasing chromium consumption also are identified for chromium-containing materials in the areas of design, processing, and substitution
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1978; 374 p; ISBN 0-309-02737-3;
; Available from NTIS., PC A16/MF A01

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Report
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Petitat, M.; Gounelle, M.; Birck, J.-L.; Luu, T. H., E-mail: mpetitat@gmail.com2011
AbstractAbstract
[en] Early solar materials bear a variety of isotopic anomalies that reflect compositional differences deriving from distinct stellar nucleosynthetic processes. As shown in previous studies, the stepwise dissolution with increasing acid strengths of bulk rock carbonaceous chondrites liberates Cr with both excesses and deficits in 53Cr and 54Cr relative to the terrestrial standard. The magnitude of the 54Cr variations within a meteorite decreases in the sequence CI1 > CR2 > CM2 > CV3 > CO3 > CK4 and correlates with the degree of metamorphism of each carbonaceous chondrite class. This study shows that the Tagish Lake meteorite presents the highest excesses in 54Cr ever measured in a bulk silicate phase. According to this study, the Tagish Lake meteorite is composed of the least re-equilibrated material known at this time. The magnitude of 54Cr variation decreases now in the following sequence: Tagish Lake (ungrouped CI2) > Orgueil (CI1) > Murchison (CM2) > Allende (CV2). Moreover, this study shows that excesses in 53Cr relative to Earth can be interpreted as representing the extent of aqueous alteration on meteorite parent bodies. Finally, the high 54Cr anomalies measured in this meteorite make Tagish Lake one of the major targets to decipher the host of these anomalies.
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Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/23; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The criterion for efficiency for separation of binary isotopic mixtures is the well-known value function. However, in the case of multi-isotope separation, this value function does not exist. In this paper the authors develop a criterion to define the efficiency for separation of multi-isotope mixtures. It is based o the concept of the match-abundance ratio cascade (MARC) originally introduced by De La Garza for a ternary isotope mixture. The criterion has the property that, when applied to binary mixtures, it is the same as the value function. This approach has demonstrated that for obtaining the optimal parameters of a single stage in the cascade it is necessary to minimize the linear combination of the inverse values of partial separative powers for all mixture components. A numerical example using this efficiency criterion is presented using the separation of chromium isotopes by a single gas centrifuge
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AbstractAbstract
[en] The effects of Cr3+ and (CrO4)2- on water cultured young wheat were investigated, making 51Cr-labelled Cr2 (SO4)3 and Na2 CrO4 as the Cr sources. How they were absorbed into the roots, moved and changed their forms in the plant body were examined. Both Cr3+ and (CrO4)2- did not have any difference on dry weight, but (CrO4)2- showed higher absorption and moving ratios as compared with Cr3+. When (CrO4)2- in water extract was passed through cation exchange resin, almost all (CrO4)2- passed through the resin, and the ratio of the passed part from roots was larger than that from above-ground parts. When (CrO4)2- in water extract was separated by filter paper electrophoresis, migration to + direction from the origin was observed in both roots and above-ground parts. (Kobatake, H.)
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Journal Article
Journal
Nippon Dojo Hiryogaku Zasshi; ISSN 0029-0610;
; v. 49(5); p. 400-405

Country of publication
ATOMIC IONS, BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES, CEREALS, CHALCOGENIDES, CHARGED PARTICLES, CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS, CHROMIUM ISOTOPES, ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES, ELEMENTS, EVEN-ODD NUCLEI, GRAMINEAE, INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI, IONS, ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS, ISOTOPES, METALS, NUCLEI, OXIDES, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, PLANTS, RADIOISOTOPES, TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS, TRANSITION ELEMENTS, UPTAKE
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AbstractAbstract
[en] All individual phases of the ternary Cr-C-N system including stable and metastable ones can be deposited at low temperature by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). These growth processes are mainly based on the use of bis(benzene)chromium as chromium source and various co-reactives. Then, from a good control of the reactive gas phase, it is possible to combine these MOCVD processes to grow in the same reactor protective coatings designed with a complex architecture based on polyphased, nanostructured or multilayer structure which exhibit enhanced properties. These deposition processes are described and the main features of the coatings are discussed
Primary Subject
Source
Euro Interfinish 2003: Conference on nanotechnology and coatings for novel applications; Praglia (Italy); 23-24 Oct 2003; S0013-4686(05)00472-X; Copyright (c) 2005 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
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Journal Article
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Kang, K. W.; Kim, Y. M.; Bang, J. K.; Kim, K. S.; Yang, J. H.
Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society spring meeting1999
Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society spring meeting1999
AbstractAbstract
[en] The effect of CrO3 addition on the densification and grain growth of UO2 pellets has been studied. The pellets were sintered at 1700 .deg. C for 4 hours in dry and wet hydrogen atmospheres. The densification and grain size of UO2 pellets with the addition of Cr2O3 were affected by the oxygen potential of sintering atmospheres. The grain size of UO2 pellets increases with the amount of Cr2O3 in all the sintering atmospheres. Maximum sintered density and grain size of UO2 pellets with C2O3 were obtained under the condition that the ratio of H2O to H2 gas equals to 0.01 in the sintering atmosphere. Inhomogeneous microstructure was found in the UO2 pellets sintered in dry hydrogen atmosphere. It is thought that the precipitated chromium which is reduced from chromium oxide gives rise to the inhomogeneous microstructure
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KAERI, Taejon (Korea, Republic of); [one CD-ROM]; May 1999; [9 p.]; 1999 spring meeting of the Korean Nuclear Society; Pohang (Korea, Republic of); 28-29 May 1999; Available from KNS, Taejon (KR); 11 refs, 5 figs
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Miscellaneous
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