[en] There are presented description of test facility on gasification of coal of various deposits and the outcomes of conducted experiments. There is also description of the scheme of facility on coal hydrogenation, which is under designing and its performance specification. (author)

[en] Underground coal gasification (UCG) is in its nascent stage of development. Most of the projects are in the nature of pilot projects. UCG technology requires acceptance in general commercial framework as it matures with the progress of time. Policy and regulatory framework, therefore, is considered here only in the expectation that UCG technology may finally be rolled out sooner than later. India is actively pursuing consultations with major countries which have recorded successes in implementing UCG technology in varying measures. In this background, the discussion on policy and regulatory framework is essentially an effort to capture the broad outline of the understanding of the UCG process in a regulatory construct as compared with other regulatory regimes of similar nature. (paper)

[en] During recent approach the basic emphasis is on electricity generation from coal. Electricity generated from hydroelectric power plants is not enough to meet today's demands, so it's the necessity of day to seek alternate sources. Coal is the most abundant and versatile fossil fuel. Pakistan's total coal reserves are estimated to be around 184.5 billion tones, which also included recently discovered deposits of low sulphur coal at Thar. Out of these large reserves Pakistan utilizes only 40 million tones per year. The existing coal reserves in the country could meet the requirements of 6 power plants of 1000 MW for next 30 50 years, but currently coal makes merely 1% of electricity generation. In this coherence, coal-burning power plant with zero toxic gases/solids emissions is proposed. The traditional coal power plant can be installed for electricity generation and with use of different environmentally sound technologies, so that emission of toxic gases or solids is captured at the source and finally used for other useful purposes. (author)

[en] Beginning 1990 at the Inst. of Atom Energy of National Nuclear Centre of Republic Kazakstan are conducting works on brown coal processing technology and creating pilot-scale plants for these purposes. Has been worked out the plants for study of coal gasifications and it hydrogenation. The plant for coal gasification is intended for synthesis gas producing by the method of coal dust thermochemical transformation' in the media of gaseous oxygen an water steam. There were 6 methodic settings to motion of this plant. Output of gaseous products is equal to 2,2 m³/kg. The second part of continuous action provides receives gaseous, liquid and solid fractions. Has been working out for coal chemical reprocessing by direct hydrogenation

[en] In the wake of deregulation of power generation in the US, market-based competition is driving electricity generators to low-cost risk system. In such an environment, gasification-based technologies will not be competitive with low capital cost, efficient, and reliable natural gas-fired facilities for baseload power generation in the foreseeable future. The lack of a near-term market application poses a serious threat to the progress of gasification technology. With a reduction in direct federal funding of large-scale demonstration plants as the trend to reduce the size of government continues, an alternate approach to commercialize gasification-based technologies has been developed at DOE/FETC. This new strategy employs gasification in near-term markets where, due to its ability to coproduce a wide variety of commodity and premium products to meet market requirements, it is an attractive alternative. By obtaining operating experience in near-term coproduction applications, gasification system modules can be refined and improved leading to commercial guarantees and acceptance of gasification technology as a cost-effective technology for baseload power generation when this market begins to open domestically, sometime after 2005

[en] Underground coal gasification (UCG) experimentation was carried out on low-rank lignite coal of Eastern Salt Range. Chakwal, Punjab Province, Pakistan. A simulation reactor was designed in laboratory environments and gas input volume, type of gas input, gasification linkage and mode of combustion were investigated. Geological characteristics of the coal were also studied. The composition of emitted gases was evaluated and the syngas having calorific value of 2.42 MJ/m/sup 3/ was produced. (author)

[en] This paper compares five Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) concepts where CO₂ is sequestered and made available for permanent storage before it is discharged into the atmosphere. Three concepts comprise CO₂ separation from the gas turbine exhaust: another one shift reaction and physical absorption of the syngas fuel; the fifth a semi closed CO₂-H₂O gas turbine where the syngas is burnt in pure oxygen. The five schemes, all centred around the entrained-bed oxygen-blow gasifier and a large heavy-duty gas turbine, are compared on the basis there technological features, their performance and projected costs of electricity. Compared to a conventional IGCC, CO₂ removal reduces net plain efficiency by 6.5 to more than 8 percentage points, reduce net power output by 10 to 20% and increases the cost of electricity by approximately 20 to 40%. The scheme with shift reaction and physical absorption of the syngas fuel appears the most appealing option for the short-term implementation of low-CO₂ emission IGCCs

[en] This report is a post-project assessment of the ENCOAL(reg_sign) Mild Coal Gasification Project, which was selected under Round III of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program. The CCT Demonstration Program is a government and industry cofunded technology development effort to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal utilization processes in a series of commercial-scale facilities. The ENCOAL(reg_sign) Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bluegrass Coal Development Company (formerly SMC Mining Company), which is a subsidiary of Ziegler Coal Holding Company, submitted an application to the DOE in August 1989, soliciting joint funding of the project in the third round of the CCT Program. The project was selected by DOE in December 1989, and the Cooperative Agreement (CA) was approved in September 1990. Construction, commissioning, and start-up of the ENCOAL(reg_sign) mild coal gasification facility was completed in June 1992. In October 1994, ENCOAL(reg_sign) was granted a two-year extension of the CA with the DOE, that carried through to September 17, 1996. ENCOAL(reg_sign) was then granted a six-month, no-cost extension through March 17, 1997. Overall, DOE provided 50 percent of the total project cost of$90,664,000. ENCOAL(reg_sign) operated the 1,000-ton-per-day mild gasification demonstration plant at Triton Coal Company's Buckskin Mine near Gillette, Wyoming, for over four years. The process, using Liquids From Coal (LFC(trademark)) technology originally developed by SMC Mining Company and SGI International, utilizes low-sulfur Powder River Basin (PRB) coal to produce two new fuels, Process-Derived Fuel (PDF(trademark)) and Coal-Derived Liquids (CDL(trademark)). The products, as alternative fuel sources, are capable of significantly lowering current sulfur emissions at industrial and utility boiler sites throughout the nation thus reducing pollutants causing acid rain. In support of this overall objective, the following goals were established for the ENCOAL(reg_sign) Project: Provide sufficient quantity of products for full-scale test burns; Develop data for the design of future commercial plants; Demonstrate plant and process performance; Provide capital and O and M cost data; and Support future LFC(trademark) technology licensing efforts. Each of these goals has been met and exceeded. The plant has been in operation for nearly 5 years, during which the LFC(trademark) process has been demonstrated and refined. Fuels were made, successfully burned, and a commercial-scale plant is now under contract for design and construction

[en] The US electric power production market is experiencing significant changes sparking interest in the current and future alternatives for power production. Coal gasification technology is being marketed to satisfy the needs of the volatile power production industry. Coal gasification is a promising power production process in which solid coal is burned to produce a synthesis gas (syn gas). The syn gas may be used to fuel combustion integrated into a facility producing electric power. Advantages of this technology include efficient power production, low flue gas emissions, flexible fuel utilization, broad capability for facility integration, useful process byproducts, and decreased waste disposal. The primary disadvantages are relatively high capital costs and lack of proven long-term operating experience. Developers of coal gasification intend to improve on these disadvantages and lop a strong position in the power generation market. This paper is a marketing analysis of the partial oxidation coal gasification processes emerging in the US in response to the market factors of the power production industry. A brief history of these processes is presented, including the results of recent projects exploring the feasibility of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) as a power production alternative. The current power generation market factors are discussed, and the status of current projects is presented including projected performance

[en] The feasibility of underground coal gasification is evaluated on the basis of a case study for India. India has immense coal reserves at relatively shallow depths compared to Europe, has low wages, an urgent need to expand its power capacity, a strongly rising energy demand and has shown interest in underground coal gasification. Three scenarios including the cases of continued, declining and a strong economic growth were considered. Model calculations allow to compare the cost of the electric power generated by the combustion of the gas produced by underground coal gasification with the cost of the power produced by classic thermal power plants in India for -the reference year 2000. (A.S.) 4 figs. 1 tab