[en] Application of differents dosimeter systems: Standard Frickie, Modify Frickie, Yellow Perspex, Amber Perspex, Red Perspex and Clear Prespex, for industrial irradiation were studied. Dosimeter expositions in the range 0.05 KGy to 10 KGy were applied using both a Gammacell 220 source and a semi-industrial irradiator of Co-60, with dosis rates of 0.2 KGy/hr and 4 KGy/hr respectivily. During the experiment variables like storage temperature with 20, 35 and 45 degC were studied. Experimental results point out that Standard Frickie and Perspex dosimeter system can be used successfully with a very low dependence upon storage temperature and storage time

[en] The book lists more than 8,900 enterprises in German-speaking countries and informs the reader about their products and services. A product index with more than 7,000 entries facilitates access to the desired information. For each product, suppliers and producers are liested in the main part of the buyer's guide with their complete address, telephone number, and fax number. In addition, there is an alphabetic list of suppliers and a section on trademarks. The nomenclature according to which the book is structured is continually revised and updated by experts

No abstract available

[en] There was a widely held opinion during the 1970's and 1980's that consumers would be reluctant to purchase irradiated food, as it was perceived that consumers would confuse irradiated food with food contaminated by radionuclides. Indeed, a number of consumer attitude surveys conducted in several western countries during these two decades demonstrated that the concerns of consumers on irradiated food varied from very concerned to seriously concerned.This paper attempts to review parameters conducting in measuring consumer acceptance of irradiated food during the past three decades and to project the trends on this subject. It is believed that important lessons learned from past studies will guide further efforts to market irradiated food with wide consumer acceptance in the future. (Author)

[en] Studies have shown that the success of demand management programs, which have demonstrated economic benefits, depends on the level of customer participation. In order to have a better understanding of the decisionmaking process of commercial customers with respect to demand management programs, a study was undertaken to determine the preferences and the behavior of this class of clientele. This clientele, whose power consumption has been increasing at a faster rate than that of other sectors, represents a vast range of enterprises producing and supplying all kinds of products. Many of them operate from numerous geographic points on local, regional, national, and even world scales and are generally hierarchically organized. Because of these characteristics, their decisionmaking processes and their needs are equally complex, more so than in the residential sector. A multidimensional approach has been adopted to ensure that their needs are determined according to a quantitative and qualitative research method. The conclusions of the quantitative research have demonstrated that the frameworks representing different organizations respond differently to questions on their needs. It is also noted that certain commercial enterprises are of a cohesive nature (i.e. there is a consistency in understanding of corporate strategic and operational requirements at all hierarchical levels), while others are more diffuse. Those responsible for marketing demand management programs therefore must improve their understanding of the strategic and operational needs of their commercial customers in order to make their demand management programs productive in the view of the appropriate personnel at the hierarchical level applicable to the company concerned

[en] This Decree-Law modifies the legal status of the Empresa Nacional de Uranio (ENU), created by Decree No. 66/77 of 6 May 1990, into a limited liability company

[en] Information Erdgas (InfE) in Essen was founded 25 years ago. This was at a time when some initiative was needed to firmly establish the still rather young energy source of natural gas in the German thermal energy market. As a supraregional marketing institution, InfE had a twofold task: Firstly, to start a variety of advertising and information activities to arouse a general interest in natural gas among various consumer groups and create an attractive product image; and secondly, to promote marketing activities locally and support regional and local gas supply companies with a wide range of services. This dual task of InfE, subsidiary to Ruhrgas AG, Germany's largest long-distance gas supply company, has remained the same until today. Of course its spectrum of activities has been rearranged from time to time and adapted to the changed environment. In 1993, VNG in Leipzig was set up as a partner of InfE, offering the same range of services. (orig.)

[en] The difficulties faced in selling green energy to large commercial users are reviewed in this article. Four steps are identified in helping energy service suppliers (ESP) focus on opportunities for maximising revenue, namely, targeting the best prospects, identifying the right contact person, appealing to the primary contact, and helping contacts to make the sale internally. Companies with environmentally conscious customers and well defined environmental policies and led by those that promote environmental stewardship are recognised as commercial customers most likely to sign a deal for green energy

[en] The author describes how Hypres, Inc., the only company marketing a superconducting electronics product, was formed. The company decided to select a commercial product with significant market potential that employs the unique technological advantage of Josephson Junction in superconducting electronics. The company began by focusing on products in the test and instrumentation area. After receiving a government technology development contract and working to overcome reliability and reproducibility problems, the PSP-1000, a sampling oscilloscope and time-domain reflectometer, was introduced in 1987. The company is now researching the new superconductive materials and preparing for product development based on copper oxides

[en] The Electric Sales and Revenue is prepared by the Survey Management Division, Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels; Energy Information Administration (EIA); US Department of Energy. This publication provides information about sales of electricity, its associated revenue, and the average revenue per kilowatthour sold to residential, commercial, industrial, and other consumers throughout the United States. Previous publications presented data on typical electric bills at specified consumption levels as well as sales, revenues, and average revenue. The sales, revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour provided in the Electric Sales and Revenue are based on annual data reported by electric utilities for the calendar year ending December 31, 1990. The electric revenue reported by each electric utility includes the revenue billed for the amount of kilowatthours sold, revenue from income, unemployment and other State and local taxes, energy or demand charges, consumer services charges, environmental surcharges, franchise fees, fuel adjustments, and other miscellaneous charges. Average revenue per kilowatthour is defined as the cost per unit of electricity sold and is calculated by dividing retail sales into the associated electric revenue. The sales of electricity, associated revenue, and average revenue per kilowatthour provided in this report are presented at the national, Census division, State, and electric utility levels