No abstract available

[en] The declination isotropy of cosmic ray showers of energies of about 10¹⁶eV is studied using data from the Buckland Park extensive air shower array and compared with measurements available through an analysis of data in the literature. It appears that an upper limit can be set to the anisotropy in declination at this energy of approximately 3.5%, limited by timing uncertainties in array directional measurements

[en] LOPES, the LOFAR prototype station, was an antenna array for cosmic-ray air showers operating from 2003 to 2013 within the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Meanwhile, the analysis is finished and the data of air-shower events measured by LOPES are available with open access in the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Center (KCDC). This article intends to provide a summary of the achievements, results, and lessons learned from LOPES. By digital, interferometric beamforming the detection of air showers became possible in the radio-loud environment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). As a prototype experiment, LOPES tested several antenna types, array configurations and calibration techniques, and pioneered analysis methods for the reconstruction of the most important shower parameters, i.e., the arrival direction, the energy, and mass-dependent observables such as the position of the shower maximum. In addition to a review and update of previously published results, we also present new results based on end-to-end simulations including all known instrumental properties. For this, we applied the detector response to radio signals simulated with the CoREAS extension of CORSIKA, and analyzed them in the same way as measured data. Thus, we were able to study the detector performance more accurately than before, including some previously inaccessible features such as the impact of noise on the interferometric cross-correlation beam. These results led to several improvements, which are documented in this paper and can provide useful input for the design of future cosmic-ray experiments based on the digital radio-detection technique.

[en] It has recently been reported that cosmic ray showers arrive in an appreciably nonrandom manner with an excessive number of short time intervals between showers. The authors have investigated the distribution of time intervals between showers of size Nsub(e) approximately > 10⁵ and find that if there is any excess of short intervals it must be approximately < 5%

[en] A version of a ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection and analysis technique suggested by Linsley has been found to be both feasible and economical. Linsley proposed a coventional arrangement consisting of four scintillators each of area 1 m² placed at the corners of a 30 m square. It was suggested that by measuring the spread in arrival times of shower particles within each detector, one should be able to estimate the lateral distance to the core of the triggering shower. It is possible to avoid poor particle statistics if a detector specifically sensitive to low energy gamma rays is used

No abstract available

[en] An installation consisting of eight scintillators, spaced over an area of about 10⁴m² is in operation. It records the direction of arrival, size and point of impact of cosmic ray air showers in the energy region about 10¹⁶ eV. Radio-like signals associated with the arrival of showers have been observed over a range of frequencies from 100 kHz to 50 MHz. At the high frequency end of this range the signals are known to be generated by the interaction with the earth's magnetic field of the electric charges in the shower. At low frequencies the observations at Buckland Park suggest that an interaction with the earth's electric field is responsible. At frequencies of a few MHz the measurements seem inconsistent with those at either lower or higher frequencies. (author)

[en] Families of γ-quanta with the number of quanta Nsub(γ) >= 4 and the total energy ΣEsub(γ) >= 5 TeV detected with an X-ray-emulsion chamber have been analyzed. The experiment has been carried out at an altitude of 3340 m above the sea level in the Thian-Shan mountains. Differential and integral distributions of families in the cluster mass are given. It is concluded that the cluster mass continuously increases with interaction energy increasing

[en] A pulse height recording system for a large number of channels from scintillation detectors of an air shower array has been designed, constructed and operated. In the present form of the system the digital output from individual channel is found to be linear up to 500 mV input. Each channel consists of a pre-amplifier, main linear-amplifier and a sample-and-hold. Each pulse height held by the sample-and-hold. is scanned by the analog multiplexer and then digitised by an analog-to-digital converter. The digitised information is fed to a memory for printing on a paper tape

[en] Published in summary form only