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[en] The presentation is based on the exposition about the PET technology in Ecuador

[en] The coffee market is distinguished for being volatile and uncertain in terms of domestic and international prices. Arabica and Robusta coffee are produced in 23 provinces of Ecuador. A decade-long decline of coffee production prompted the Ecuadorian government to launch a public program for replanting coffee trees towards the end of 2011. A grower’s decision to enter, remain in or exit the coffee sector is based on fluctuating profits from each year’s harvest sale. We analyzed the hypothesis whereby the coffee grower’s decision to leave the sector is explained by volatile and uncertain prices. This paper aimed to evaluate the coffee sector with an application of Real Option Analysis for the period 2002-2012. We also defined entry (H) and exit (L) prices for Arabica and Robusta coffee for the analyzed period. Our findings revealed high H and L prices encourage growers to leave the sector for the most part of the analyzed period. High H and L prices resulted from high variable cost due to increasing wages for farm workers. The Ecuadorian government is developing a policy to help growers make production more efficient, encouraging them to remain in the sector in the long run.

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[en] The feldspars of many tonalitic plutonic rocks in the coastal regions and West Andean regions are zoned. This leads to the conclusion that they are relatively flat intrusions and to some extent transition rocks in the subvulcanite direction. This is in accordance with the genetic and chronological relationship between plutonites and the surrounding vulcanites of the Basic Igreous Complex (BIC). The composition of representative minerals, e.g. alkali feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, chlorite, and amphibole has been determined as well as the age of plutonite samples by the K/Ar dating method. (DG)

[en] Ecuador's YasunI Man and the Biosphere Reserve-located at the intersection of the Amazon, the Andes mountains, and the equator-is home to extraordinary biodiversity and a recently contacted Amazonian indigenous group known as the Waorani (or Huaorani). Relatives of the Waorani, the Tagaeri and Taromenane, still live in voluntary isolation deep in the reserve, with no peaceful contact with the outside world. The YasunI Biosphere Reserve also sits atop large reserves of crude oil, Ecuador's chief export, and contains an abundance of valuable timber species. This volatile combination has led to intense conflicts, and subsequently, increased international interest and concern. To make the issues confronting YasunI more accessible to a growing audience of interested parties, we synthesized information on the biological, social, and political issues of the region, providing a concise overview of its modern history and conservation challenges. We constructed a chronology of key events in the YasunI region over the past century and a series of maps designed to guide readers to a better understanding of the area's complicated array of overlapping designations. Main topics of analysis and discussion include: the Waorani and their ancestors living in voluntary isolation, YasunI National Park, illegal logging, missionary impacts, oil-development-related impacts and conflicts, and the Ecuadorian government's innovative YasunI-ITT Initiative (ITT: Ishpingo-Tiputini-Tambococha).

[en] 'Reference values of thyroid hormones in newborn children' was determined by this research. The work was carried out in two hospitals: Policlinic and Social Security at Riobamba city. The data was compared with international values and healthy adults. It was used 248 samples of umbilical cord blood and 38 samples of vessel blood from adults. The thyroid perfil (T3, T4, TSH and T3, RU) was determined through radioimmunoassay, RIAPC, LOTUS 123 and CHARTMASTER. The following values were obtained in newborn children: T4(ug/dl) = 10,8 + - 3,1 ; T3(ng/dl) = 41,8 + - 26,9; TSH(uUI/ml) 7,2 + - 6,5; <<<<< T3RU() = 22,6 + - 7,9. The data obtained were no significantly different from the international values. If we compare newborns with adults there is a high significant difference; so the values are quite distinct. Since the referencial values found were trusty it was recommended to use them in medical diagnosis

[en] Ecuador is one of the richest countries in biodiversity and endemism in the world, and nearly 3200 plant species have medicinal uses. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of essential oil of Lasiocephalus ovatus Schltdl. (Asteraceae) collected at Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. The aerial parts of L. ovatus were subjected to hydrodistillation to obtain essential oil, which was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The activity was evaluated against five bacteria and one yeast using the broth microdilution technique in 96-well microplates. The oil yield was of 0.05 %, and 27 compounds were identified, representing 95.45 % of the total composition with a high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (52.17 %). The main compounds were camphor (40.48 %) and 1,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene (11.90 %) followed by p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol (5.23 %) and 1,6-dimethylhepta-1,3,5-triene (4.69 %). The antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was major against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 200-400 g/mL and bactericidal of 800 g/mL. Antimicrobial inhibition against the bacteria Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231 was low, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 800 to 6400 g/mL. This report represents a first study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the oil of L. ovatus, therefore, an important contribution to the study of the genus Lasiocephalus