[en] At the end of the 19. century the study of the cathodic rays emitted inside a Crookes tube opened the way to the discovery of the electron. The first measurement of the m/e ratio gave a value about 1000 less than that of the hydrogen atom that was at that time the smallest known amount of matter. This fact triggered a huge controversy but around 1910 the idea of the electron as a constituent of the atom was broadly shared by the scientists. (A.C.)

No abstract available

[en] An historical survey is given of the events leading up to the discovery of the electron by J.J.Thompson in 1897. The nature of cathode rays had been debated by Europe's top physicists for forty years prior to this. The part played in this work by technology, such as the production of evacuated tubes by a German glassblower, is emphasised. (U.K.)

[en] Potential and velocity distributions in a relativistic, planar diode are presented in the form of graphs for a range of initial injection velocities. The important stability conditions for distributions with a potential (velocity) minimum are also established.

[en] The invention has been aimed at reducing the effort for preventing short circuits in achieving certain material-dependent effects e.g. secondary emission, by deposition through evaporation in the production of electron tubes, in particular electron multipliers

[en] A wall-tube electrode cell for computerized potentiometric stripping analysis is constructed and tested. Results obtained show that the cell has a very efficient mass transport system. The cell can be used in the analytical determination of trace metals like Zn, Cd, Pb. The detection limit for Cd with a plating time of 360s is slightly below 1 μg/l. The reproducibility is in the order of 4.4% RSD for μg/1 levels of Cd. The correlation coefficients of linear plots of concentration vs stripping signal range from 0.996 to 0.999. (auth.). 17 refs.; 6 figs.; 1 tab

[en] Around the anticathode of an electron acceleration tube is arranged a helical pipe as a continuous reactor. The anticathode has the form of a cone but with varying pitch of the generatrix, thereby effecting different rates of bremsstrahlung caused by electrons impinging on a path parallel to the axis of the cone. This arrangement makes it possible to conform the dose rates to the stadium of the continuous chemical reaction taking place in the helical pipe. (P.K.)

[en] Tests at very long pulse lengths were conducted to evaluate the design concepts of the S94000E regulator tube at the Rome Air Development Center. Voltages as high as 200 kV have been switched for pulse lengths of 0.5 seconds and at anode dissipation levels that exceeded 2.0 million watts. Tubes similar to the one tested will be employed as series regulators at the TOKAMAK Fusion Test Reactor. This paper discusses the tube, test results, and operational experiences associated with those tests

[en] An electron radiographic system for making X-ray pictures by producing a visible image on a dielectric sheet in the imaging chamber is disclosed. It consists of a pair of electrodes with a liquid filled gap therebetween with the liquid taking several forms, and with electrophoretic toner particles dispersed in the liquid. A dielectric sheet is positioned at an electrode and X-rays are directed past the object to the liquid for producing electrons and positive ions in the gap. The electrons and positive ions are moved to the respective electrodes by an electric field across the electrodes. The toner particles are moved toward and deposited on the dielectric sheet by the electrostatic charges, to produce the visible image. The liquid is X-ray opaque and electrically non conducting and may be a solvent with a gas or nonionic metallic compounds dissolved therein, or may be a liquified gas. (Auth.)

[en] Methods of test grid crosses measuring as well as definition of calibration transformations with the help of orthogonal polynomials are described. Program realizing the method described may be used for calibration of measuring machines with nonlinear coordinate system