[en] Middle East LNG will be a strong candidate to serve as a source of supply to Japan in the long term. The decisive factor in ensuring that LNG trade with Japan is brought about, however, will be the terms the sellers can offer with regard to three key points: economic efficiency, supply security, and supply/demand matching. In the future, it will be essential to ensure mutual understanding between the LNG sellers and buyers as well as to continue to set up mutual efforts to reduce costs.(Author). 3 tabs

[en] The conference paper gives a summary of the energy policy in Europe with the focus on trends and changes in the energy situation. Aspects discussed in this paper are energy and society, energy demand, policy issues, the European response, and the European Energy Charter

No abstract available

[en] China is currently in the process of industrialization and urbanization, which is the key stage of transition from a low-income country to a middle-income country and requires large amount of energy. The process will not end until 2020, so China's primary energy demand will keep high growth in the mid-term. Although each country is unique considering its particular history and background, all countries are sharing some common rules in energy demand for economic development. Based on the comparison with developed countries, here, we report some rules in the process of industrialization and urbanization as follows: (1) urbanization always goes along with industrialization; (2) the higher economic growth is, the higher energy demand is; (3) economic globalization makes it possible to shorten the time of industrialization, but the shorter the transition phase is, the faster energy demand grows; (4) the change of energy intensity presents as an “inverted U” curve, but whose shape can be changed for different energy policy. The above rules are very important for the Chinese government in framing its energy policy. - Highlights: ► China's energy demand will maintain high growth in mid-term. ► Urbanization always goes along with industrialization. ► Higher economic growth needs more energy. ► The energy intensity presents as an “inverted U” curve.

[en] The presentation is based on the following areas: general population data, generation system, energy demand, transmission system, protected areas and analysis of the nuclear option in Uruguay.

[en] Short communication

No abstract available

[en] As the world's leading producer and second largest exporter of coal, China has had to face up to outstanding growth in coal demand from the iron and steel sector and the electricity companies since 2002. Unless unknown factors intervene, these trends should continue for at least the next few years as 34 additional GWe are planned annually, most of which concern thermal coal. Can China's industry, (which will have extracted 1.6 billion tonnes by late 2004), face up to such growth in demand? Will it find it necessary to withdraw from the international market, by lowering its export ceiling, itself already trim ed to 80 million tonnes? Some outside observers believe this, although the political authorities are convinced that price reform and restructuring of the coal industry will enable it to meet this rising demand. (author)

No abstract available

[en] In this paper, we specify and estimate a two-level integrated total energy demand model for the Province of Quebec. The specification of the model has a close relationship with models currently used by Canadian public agencies to perform policy simulations and to make forecasts. The focus of the analysis is on forecasting. Two forecasting experiments are conducted while using within sample data. In the first experiment, we establish one-year forecasts, while in the second the model is solved recursively over the whole sample, which consists of annual data from 1962 to 1990. It is found that the model has good tracking properties and that most of the forecasting errors are random. The forecasting experiments show no significant structural defects of the estimated model as a forecasting tool. (author)