[en] Taxonomy of the causal fungus of mango malformation (MM) disease has passed through different phases. The fungus at first named as F. moniliforme was elevated to species level as F. subglutinans. Two new species viz. Fusarium mangiferae and F. sterilihyphosum Britz. found responsible for causing MM have been characterized in South Africa in the year 2002. Presence of F. mangiferae in Asian clade emphasized the need to confirm the specific species in the mango orchards of Pakistan. The assay of malformed parts of mango varieties obtained from five districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan revealed the association of four fungi viz., F. mangiferae, F. pallidoroseum, F. equiseti and Alternaria alternata while F. mangiferae proved to be the major infecting fungus. The colonies of F. mangiferae were tinged with purple and rosy buff color on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Macroconidia were four celled with dorsal and ventral surfaces almost parallel. Maximum within tissue infection (40.53%) in five districts was caused by F. mangiferae. The present studies reveal the infectivity and dominant association of F. mangiferae with malformed tissues of diverse origins. (author)

[en] Migration of an implantable port catheter tip is one of the well-known complications of this procedure, but the etiology of this problem is not clear. We describe here a case of migration of the tip of a port catheter from the right atrium to the right axillary vein in a patient with severe cough. Coughing was suggested for this case as the cause of the catheter tip migration. We corrected the position of the catheter tip via transfemoral snaring

[en] Melorheostosis is a rare bone dysplasia of unknown etiology that usually affects a single limb and is characterized by cortical thickening, with a flowing candle wax appearance, extending vertically along the surface of the long bone. We report a case of polyostotic melorheostosis symmetrically involving multiple flat bones, ribs, and the scapulas. This is the first case of melorheostosis symmetrically involving multiple flat bones

[en] Hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood and adolescents is rare and hi gly aggressive type of tumor. It differs from adult hepatocellular carcinoma in epidemiology, etiology, clinical symptoms and biology features. Cornerstone of therapy is radical surgical resection of the tumor. If it is not possible to perform, patient is indicated for early primary liver transplantation. The role of chemotherapy is very limited, biology therapy is still investigational for children and adolescents. (author)

[en] Transcatheter embolization was done in 15 patients with various diseases at department of radiology, Seoul National University Hospital from September 1978 ti July 1983 using absolute ethanol, autologous blood clots and gelfoam particles as embolic agents. The results were as follows 1. Successful embolization were done in 14 of 15 cases. (Success rate: 93%). 2. Most of complication was post-embolization syndrome such as fever, nausea, pain but minimal. Serious complication was very little. 3. Transcatheter embolization appears to be highly valuable adjuvant therapy in debulking of preoperative and inoperable hypervascular mass or treatment of bleeding from various etiology

[en] The ophthalmic artery usually arises from the anteromedial or superomedial aspect of the internal carotid artery. Rarely does it arise from the medial or posteromedial aspect of the internal carotid artery. In this paper, the authors report two cases of aneurysm and infundibular dilatation found at unusual sites of origin in the ophthalmic artery and review the literature about possible etiologies contributing to the anatomic variations.

[en] Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) is an uncommon morphological variant of the mandibular condyle. Although authors have proposed various etiologies for BMC, no consensus has emerged. In addition, varying findings have been reported regarding the epidemiological parameters of BMC (e.g., prevalence, gender ratio, and age), possibly due to its low incidence. BMC is occasionally associated with symptoms of the temporomandibular joint, such as ankylosis, pain, and trismus; however, it is difficult to detect this condition on conventional radiographs. This study reports a case of BMC with radiographic findings, and reviews the literature on the epidemiology of BMC

[en] Chylothorax is a rare clinical entity characterized by a milky white aspirate with increased triglyceride levels. The commonest aetiology is malignancy and trauma. Pulmonary tuberculosis is an extremely rare cause of chylothorax. Two children with chylothorax and pulmonary tuberculosis are described. One child had bilateral and the other unilateral chylous effusions. Extensive mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy was demonstrated. Diseased lymph nodes may infiltrate other intrathoracic structures such as the thoracic duct, and they can also obstruct the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct. A possible explanation for the development of a chylothorax in our patients is obstruction of the thoracic duct by tuberculous lymphadenopathy with subsequent increase in pressure in the surrounding lymphatic system and leaking of chyle into the pleural space. (orig.)

[en] Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disease involving synovial membranes. Natural history and etiology of PVNS are not well known. PVNS presents as localized or diffuse tumor like nodular lesion of the synovial lining of the joint and the synovial spaces adjacent to the joints. Though histologically benign, it is a very aggressive lesion, capable of bone destruction and widespread infiltration of surrounding tissues. Standard therapy is surgical resection, but due to the infiltrative growth, the recurrence rate is significantly high. After several relapses surgical treatment of diffuse PVNS becomes difficult and may require amputation of the involved limb. Radiotherapy can provide an effective treatment option for patients with large lesions or lesions which are not suitable for surgery, after incomplete resection to prevent relapses or to avoid amputation. We report 2 cases of diffuse PVNS in the knee joint treated with arthroscopic gross total synovectomy and radiotherapy

[en] The stress and occlusion disturbance are very important etiologic factors in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain dysfunction syndromes. Authors performed TMJ arthrograms in the patients with TMJ problem such as pain, click sound, limited motion and locking, etc. The following results noted: 1. The arthrographic findings of 22 TMJ were analyzed. a) Normal: 6 cases b) Anterior disc displacement with rediction: 6 cases · Early reduction: 2 cases · Intermediate reduction: 3 cases · Late reduction: 1 case c) Anterior disc displacement without reduction: 6 cases · Two cases had adhesion between the posterior portion of disc and the posterior surfaces of the articular eminence. 2. Among 22 cases, the clinical findings of 16 cases (73%) were compatible with arthrographic findings. 6 cases showed disparity between them.