[en] In this study the efficacy is investigated of external radiotherapy in the treatment of thyroid cancer. It appears to be an unimportant treatment modality for not resectable thyroidal cancer. (Auth.)

No abstract available

[en] This paper reports that glioblastoma recurrent within 2 cm of primary site after whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and suggested that CT scan accuracy would permit smaller radiation fields. The authors began a smaller-field focal external-beam radiation therapy (FEBRT) protocol following surgical resection, with the first 4,500 cGy to a 3-4-cm margin around tumor and a 1,500-cGy boost to a 1-2-cm margin. The authors reviewed 40 patients with grade III or IV astrocytoma (MA) treated with FEBRT to assess patterns of tumor recurrence. Twenty-seven patients received intraarterial BUdR radiosensitization with FEBRT, and 13 patients underwent conventional FEBRT. Patient scans wee randomized before review, and tumor margin on preoperative and recurrent scans was defined as the contrast-enhanced area. Tumor margins were traced on acetate templates and compared with each other and actual scans

[en] This paper evaluates the use of brachytherapy either alone (B) or in combination with external beam radiation (C) in the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcomas were treated with brachytherapy alone (n = 14) or brachytherapy in combination with external-beam irradiation (n = 11). Brachytherapy alone (B) was administered in patients presenting with metastatic disease requiring prompt initiation of chemotherapy (n = 5) or in cases with anatomic proximity to a joint space (n = 5), paraspinous region (n = 2), or retroperitoneum (n = 2); a total dose of 45-50 Gy was administered. Brachytherapy administered as a boost to external beam therapy (45-50 Gy) following external beam irradiation (c) equaled 15 Gy

[en] In 1990 ICRP made significant changes in its recommendations relative to radiation protection quantities and units. New system of quantities is not coherent with ICRU operational quantities, such as the ambient dose equivalent. Comments to the introduced changes are presented and an alternative approach is proposed to retain coherence of the system of quantities and units used in radiation protection. (author). 12 refs

[en] Published in summary form only

[en] Between 1970 and 1983, 345 patients with ovarian cancer clinical stage I, II and III were irradiated postoperatively. Five-year NED survival was achieved in 41.7% of patients. The most important prognostic factors were histological grade and clinical stage of cancer. Postoperative external beam radiotherapy appeared to be highly efficient for the patients with microscopic residual disease, giving 70% 5-year survival, and moderately efficient for patients with small, i.e. ≤3 cm in diameter residual disease, giving 40% 5-year survival. The optimal technique of irradiation appeared to be the irradiation given to the entire abdominal cavity with additional irradiation coned down to the pelvis. External beam radiotherapy was ineffective in patients with gross residual disease, i.e. >3 cm in diameter, and useless as palliative treatment given to patients with inoperable cancer of the ovary. (author). tabs., figs

[en] Fifteen kinds of antibiotics both in liquid or dry states were investigated for the purpose of radiation effect on the antibiotic activities after irradiation. In liquid states, the antibiotics such as amoxyllin, ampicillin, cepharolidin and hetacillin were inactivated 90% of their antibiotic activities at radiation doses of 50 Krad, and penicillin, dicloxacillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and cephalexin were inactivated at 500Krad, however, the tetracyclin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and kanamycin were decomposed at radiation doses of 1.5 Mrad, respectively. In dry state, all antibiotics were stable at radiation doses of 5 Mrad. On the other hand, the neomycin in liquid state was rather increased the antibiotic activity about 1.2 and 8 times when the E. coli ATCC 113-3 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633 were used as a standard microorganisms, whereas, the decreased antibiotic activities were observed in S. typhi Ty-2(36.2%), St. faecium(10.79%), B. sphaericus CIA(9.065%) and St. aureus ATCC 6538p.(70%). (author)

[en] Pigmented villonodular synovitis is rare benign tumor. The high rate or recurrence after surgery exposes the risk of non-conservative or non-functional treatment. External irradiation of post-surgical residual disease seems to be useful for the prevention of relapse and conversation with a good functional result. We report a clinical observation of a case with a diffuse type of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the ankle, operated on three times, and then treated by external irradiation. The published results in terms of response and functional prognosis of 14 cases of multi-recurrent villonodular synovitis treated by irradiation seem to confirm this therapeutic option. (authors)

[en] A systematic review of radiation therapy trials in prostate cancer has been performed according to principles adopted by the Swedish Council of Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU). This synthesis of the literature is based on data from one meta-analysis, 30 randomized trials, many dealing with hormonal therapy, 55 prospective trials, and 210 retrospective studies. Totally the studies included 152,614 patients. There is a lack of properly controlled clinical trials in most important aspects of radiation therapy in prostate cancer. The conclusions reached can be summarized as follows: There are no randomized studies that compare the outcome of surgery (radical prostatectomy) with either external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy for patients with clinically localized low-risk prostate cancer. However, with the advent of widely accepted prognostic markers for prostate cancer (pre-treatment PSA, Gleason score, and T-stage), such comparisons have been made possible. There is substantial documentation from large single-institutional and multi-institutional series on patients with this disease category (PSA<10, GS≤6, ≤T2b) showing that the outcome of external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy is similar to those of surgery. There is fairly strong evidence that patients with localized, intermediate risk, and high risk (pre-treatment PSA=10 and/or GS=7 and/or>T2) disease, i.e. patients normally not suited for surgery, benefit from higher than conventional total dose. No overall survival benefit has yet been shown. Dose escalation to patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk disease can be performed with 3D conformal radiotherapy (photon or proton) boost, with Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy boost, or brachytherapy boost with permanent seed implantation. Despite an increased risk of urinary tract and/or rectal side effects, dose-escalated therapy can generally be safely delivered with all three techniques. There is some evidence that 3D conformal radiotherapy results in reduced late rectal toxicity and acute anal toxicity compared with radiotherapy administered with non-conformal treatment volumes. There is some evidence that postoperative external beam radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy in patients with pT3 disease prolongs biochemical disease-free survival and that the likelihood of achieving long-term DFS is higher when treatment is given in an adjuvant rather than a salvage setting. A breakpoint seems to exist around a PSA level of 1.0 ng/mL, above which the likelihood for eradication of the recurrence of cancer diminishes. After prostatectomy, endocrine therapy prior to and during adjuvant radiotherapy may result in longer biochemical disease-free survival than if only adjuvant radiotherapy is given. No impact on overall survival has been shown. There is fairly strong evidence that short-term endocrine therapy prior to and during radiotherapy results in increased disease-free survival, increased local control, reduced incidence of distant metastases, and reduced cause-specific mortality in patients with locally advanced disease. There is some evidence that short-term endocrine therapy prior to and during radiotherapy results in increased overall survival in a subset (GS 2-6) of patients with locally advanced disease. There is strong evidence that adjuvant endocrine treatment after curative radiotherapy results in improved local control, increased freedom from distant metastases, and increased disease-free survival in patients with loco-regionally advanced and/or high-risk disease. There is moderately strong evidence that adjuvant endocrine treatment after radiotherapy results in longer overall survival compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with loco-regionally advanced disease