[en] Because of some fabrication errors, in the combined nutriments (for the reproduction hens' heavy breeds) an amount of Koccisan (drug for the meat chickens, used for their protection, on growing period, against parasites.) has been introduced. After this fabrication mistake an effective and egg loss estimated at 16 987 EURO has been recorded. The fabrication of combined nutriments necessary for hens feeding intended for meat and egg production was performed in the frame of unit of production 'A', unit specialized in combined nutriments production. The farm of hens heavy breeds reproduction 'B' was the only beneficiary of this producer, contracting an annual necessary about 18 000 tons, integral assuring the raw materials of fodder, inclusive the vitamin-minerals premixes and drugs, has establish the manufacture receptions and the amount of fodder input necessary. Unit of production 'A' , has received the manufacture receptions and the raw materials necessary for fabrication, achieving on their on responsibility the fodder quantity, programmed at quality parameters suiting the solicited prescription. On the nutriments fabrication route, the delegates from the farm of reproduction hens heavy breeds 'B' haven give the dispositions to the execution personal of the production unit 'A' and don't substituted him. The technologic process and the responsibility of combined nutriments fabrication has been taken only by the production unit 'A', which detain the installation and the qualified personal in this domain of activity. Because of some fabrication errors, in the feeds prescriptions intended to the reproduction hens heavy breeds effectives, it has been introduced a quantity of coccidiostatic (Kokcisan), drug intended to the meat chickens, for their protection on the growing period, against parazitoses (coccidiosis). The coccidiostatics substances administrated to the youth fowl until the age of sixteen weeks, after that they are interdicted totally, the limit of toxic sill being very diminished and having repercussions on fowls live an also in the reproduction activity. In the case of Kokcisan premix (which contain as active substance salmomicina) the restriction is totally regarding the reproduction youth and the adult fowls, being recommended only meat chickens. Analysis can be observed that between the commanded quantity by the farm of reproduction hens heavy breeds 'B'' and those delivery by production unit 'A' are some differences which dignify certain problems in the technologic flow of fabrication. After introducing in the poultry nutriments, the fabricated fodder from production unit 'B' in the framework farm of reproduction hens' heavy breeds 'B' has been take place intoxication with salinomycin to the effectives of hen and coconut. In the combined nutriments components, beside the basic raw materials (cereals, coarse-ground grist, protean flour) that are included fodder additives (methionine, lysine, hill, etc.), vitamin minerals concentrates, prepared medication, enzymes, bio stimulant. From the category of prepared medicated make part the antibiotics, vitamins, coccidiostatic substances. These products are presented in the concentrated shape or on the support, which can assure the possibility to be integrated in the final product. In the case of the kokcisan premix, utilized to prevent the meat chicken coccidiosis, the product contain salinomycin as active substance, being utilized by the producer firm already premixed in an granulated form of 12 % concentration, recommended to be technological processed only by the FNC units as an ingredient in the preparation of the combined nutriments. For the augmentation of the secure degree in the homogenization process of the nutriments component, S.C. Combivra S.A. Focsani has effectuated an premixed from this product with the incorporated rate of 1% from the Any of the fodder additives can generate serious intoxications. In case that the incorporating module is not respected. Pursuant to the result presented, can be observed the incorporating extreme high of salinomycin in the 21-7C si 21-7F prescription and inconclusive in the Kokcisan premix. As a result of the intoxication with salinomicina in the framework of the reproduction heavy breeds farm, many losses of effectives has been produced, of eggs for incubation, perturbation the activity due to losses of coconut effectives. Conclusions: 1. The fabrication of the Kokcisan premix on the technological fabrication line of combined nutriments and his storage in the bunker of final products was a very serious mistake. 2. The fabrication of the 21-7C prescriptions for coconut immediately after the premix fabrication resulting their contamination with salinomycin. 3. The quantity of 200 kg combined nutriments 21-7C, which result in plus following the fabrication compared with the effectuated command, demonstrated that she is emanated from the previous premixed

[en] by livestock breeders, in semi-extensive or extensive breeding. The study was done during three months, with three (03) lots containing each five (05) Murciano-Granadina goats, multipares (which has been parturient many times), in beginning of lactation. It was held in a community farm in Gandiaye (near Kaolacl). All animals received as basic feed, Panicum maxima in green state, distributed ad libitum. This basic ration was completed by a commercial concentrated feed, distributed without weighing, for the pilot lot according to the practice of the farmer; whereas every goat of the lot 1 received a complementary feed containing 94.80 % of DM; 11.8% of crud proteins (CP); 2.6% of calcium (Ca); 0.36% of phosphorus (P) and 0.63 of milk fodder unit (UFL), composed by 500 g of Hardwickia binata dried leaves and 500 g of commercial concentrated feed, and each animal of the lot 2 received 250 g from of H. binata dried leaves and 750 g of concentrated feed, totalising 92.41% of DM; 13.9% of CP; 3.19% of Ca; 0.50%; and 0.71 UFL. After two (02) months of measure, animals of the lot 1 had consumed 278,256 ± 94.63 g of the complementary ration (concentrated and ligneous dried leaves), or 927.52 g by goat per day, those of the lot 2 had consumed little more: 292,627 ± 35.65, which represents 975.42 g by goat per day, that means almost the totality of a kg of complementary ration distributed. However, for milk production, goats of the lot 1 produced a quantity of milk slightly superior to that produced in the lot 2: 276.65 ± 0.24 L, against 274.4 ± 0.26 L respectively. It represents a daily production by goat of 0.2 ± 0.24 L for lot 1, which is not significantly different from that of lot 2, which is 0.91 ± 0.26 L. The milk produced was in good quality too. In addition, those productions are significantly more important (P < 0.001) that the pilot lot goat production (0.59 ± 0.26 L by goat per day). Bromatological binata dried leaves result reveals a moderate crud proteins rate 07.96 %; 1.36 % of Ca; 0.09% of P and 0.47 UFL. This study demonstrates the interest of the use of H. binata leaves to feed dairy females. It shows also, the benefit of good rationing management of dairy animals, according to the production level

No abstract available

[en] The experiment was carried out with 120 days old Hubbard broiler chicks maintained on floor pens. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioavailability of the phosphorus in various phosphorus (P) sources. The chicks were divided in four groups of 30 birds each, which were further subdivided into 3 replicates of 10 birds. Each of the four test phosphorus sources i.e. (a) Bone meal (BM), (b) Dicalcium phosphate (DCP), (c) Triple super phosphorus (TSP), and (d) Rock phosphates (RP), was added to the basal diet (ME 2853.62 Kcal/kg and CP 21.04%), having same level of Ca (1%) and P (0.45%). The experiment continued for 3 weeks. Weekly feed consumed and weight gain was recorded to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). From each group 9 birds (three birds from each replicate) were slaughtered and bone samples (toe) were collected for the availability of P. Data obtained from feed intake, weight gain FCR, and toe ash P, were subjected to statistical analysis and a significant difference was observed among the different phosphate sources. The highest feed intake, growth rate and percentage P in toe ash and the lowest FCR was observed in the bone meal following by the DCP and TSP. The low feed intake, poor growth rate, low percent P in toe ash and the highest FCR was observed in the rock phosphate depicting that P availability was highest in the BM, DCP and TSP, while lowest in the RP. There was none significant difference, in the performance of birds fed diet with BM, DCP and TSP. It was suggested that TSP, being the cheap and the easily available source, which can be used in poultry feed industry as an economical source of P. (author)

[en] Sixteen crossbred Holstein Friesian heifers (307 ± 18.4 kg of body weight (BW)) were assigned to 4 treatments in randomized completely block design. Feed ingredients and compositions of experimental diets on DM basis are presented. Heifers were offered feed as TMR diets with a 10% refusal. Intakes and refusals were recorded daily. Experimental period consisted of 74 d, with 14-d adjustment period. During d 60 to 74, samples of feed offered were collected and BW was recorded. Diet composites were analyzed for CP, Fat (AOAC, 1990) NDF, ADF (Van Soest et al., 1991). Chromic oxide was used as indicator for feed. Blood samples were analyzed for BUN, Glucose. All heifers were induced by using the 2 injection protocol of Prostaglandin F_2α and Pregnancy check at day 60 after injection. All data were done using the GLM procedure of SAS (1988). The experiment data suggested that intakes of DM per day were affected (P > 0.03) by amount of cassava pulp that heifer had lower feed intake as increased ratio of cassava pulp into diet. However, it did not effect body weight change among treatments and tend to improve feeding efficiency as using more cassava pulp. Diet DM and ADF digestion had no effects among treatments (average in 60.8% and 43.3%). But NDF digestion was significantly difference (P < 0.03) that increasing amount of cassava pulp increased NDF digestion. The average blood glucose and BUN levels during 1-3 h post feeding were not significant difference among treatments. Even blood glucose tended to decrease and BUN tended to increase. Number of oestrus heifers and pregnancy heifers were not significantly difference among treatments. Consequently, at the 50% of cassava pulp can use incorporative in diet without any effects on fertility. Cassava pulp was one of the main by-product feed from Agro-industry. The study showed that when increased a ratio of cassava pulp to 50% TMR.DM, it improved feed conversion ratio and feed utilization without effect on heifer fertility

[en] Full text: Under the Tunisian conditions, and particularly during the drought periods, the feeding management remains a limiting factor to improve livestock productivity. Consequently, the farmers use more and more concentrates whereas these are mostly imported. Therefore, searching for other feeding alternatives will be more profitable for farmers. Among these resources, the marine plants as algae were studied as to their adding to the concentrate formula, producing rabbit and sheep meat. The study dealt with five types of marine plants where 3 were kept, based upon their chemical composition and organic matter digestibility (OMD). The result show that crude protein (CP) content of the marine plants (Ulva, spp., Chaetomorpha, spp. and Ruppia, spp.), varied from 10% DM to 20% DM, and OMD varied from 60% to 75%. The marine plants were added at different ratios (10, 20, 30 and 40%) and with different concentrates formula and performance trials on young rabbits and lambs were realized. The concentrates based on marine plants were conserved in pellets and were distributed to the different groups of animals, in comparison to the commercial concentrate. The pH and NH3 concentrations in the rumen were satisfactory. The addition of marine plants until 30% in the concentrate formula had no effect on OMD and N degradability. The average daily gain of rabbits and lambs were 25 g and 175 g respectively. The results showed that the carcass lipid content decreased when animals received marine plants concentrates. The results confirmed the possibility of use of marine plants in animal feeding systems. (author)

[en] With a view to improve animal nutrition, studies have been carried out on the utilization of animal feeds using radioisotopes. Improvement of the nutritive value of straws, digestibility and VFA production by alkali treatment and other treatments has been studied by injecting VFA labelled with C¹⁴ and H³. Microbial protein synthesis rates in ruminants were studied using C¹⁴ and S³⁵ labelled mixed culture of bacterial protozca. Results obtained are helpful in understanding the metabolism in rumens and the microbial proteins available to the host animals on various dietary regimen. (A.K.)

[en] This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition, silage quality and ensilability of ten cocksfoot cultivars using biological and chemical silage additives. The plant material was harvested from the first and second cut, cultivated at the Research Station of Fodder Crops in Vatín, Czech Republic. Wilted forage was chopped and ensiled in mini-silos with 3 replicates per treatment. The treatments were: 1) without additives, used as a control; 2) with bacterial inoculants; and 3) with chemical preservatives. The results indicated that the year factor (2012-2013) influenced significantly the chemical composition of the silage in both cuts. The use of biological inoculants reduced the content of crude fibre and acid detergent fibre; but it did not influence the content of neutral detergent fibre, in comparison with the control silage in both cuts. Furthermore, the application of biological inoculants reduced the concentration of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) in contrast to the control silage in the first cut. Moreover, in the second cut the same values tended to be the opposite. Interestingly, ‘Amera’ was the unique variety that presented a high concentration of butyric acid (0.2%) in comparison with other varieties in the first cut. In conclusion, the biological inoculants had a favourable effect on silage fermentation. Notably, only ‘Greenly’ and ‘Starly’ varieties from the first cut; and ‘Greenly’, ‘Sw-Luxor’, and ‘Otello’ varieties from the second cut were appropriate for ensiling because their pH-values; LA and AA concentrations were ideal according to the parameters of the fermentation process. (Author)

[en] Full text: Feeding trials were carried out on-farm to examine the effect of supplementing urea treated sorghum stover (UTSS) with sesame cake (SC) or fishmeal (FM) on the body weight of sheep. Twenty-one male sheep were divided into three groups of seven sheep in each treatment. All the sheep used in this experiment were from the same breed (Gerej), with the same age and initial body weight from the same area. The experiment was conducted in Gash Barka, western lowlands of Eritrea. All the animals were fed on UTSS for an adaptation period of 15 d. The control diet consisted of UTSS fed ad libitum. The second and third treatments consisted of UTSS fed ad libitum supplemented daily with 80 g/head of SC and 60 g/head of FM, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 90 d. Feed intakes and body weights were recorded regularly. The dry matter intake (DMI) in sheep was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the control and SC supplemented groups, but not between the other treatments. It was highest for the SC supplemented group at 847 g/head/day followed by the FM supplemented group and the control at 826 and 821 g/head/day, respectively. Sheep supplemented with SC had the highest significant (P < 0.05) body weight gain (BWG) (134 g/head/day) followed by the group supplemented with FM (115 g/head/day). The BWG for the control was 66 g/head/day. Feed conversion was best on SC (6.92) followed by FM (7.70) supplementation. The lowest cost of feed per kg of BWG (16.91 Nfa) was attained by supplementing with SC. It can be concluded that feeding UTSS alone or supplementing with small amounts of sesame cake or fishmeal can increase the live weight of sheep at a reasonable cost. (author)

[en] The emphasis in recent years on livestock farming as a means of increasing the availability of animal protein in India has led to a spurt in the commercial production of a variety of cattle and poultry feeds. Adverse climatic conditions have posed problems of insect infestation and spoilage due to microorganisms, for which radiation treatment of prepacked feeds could provide a solution. The wholesomeness of an irradiated (0.2 and 2.5 Mrad) diet composed of wheat, shrimp, milk powder, vegetable and oil has been investigated in long term feeding studies involving five successive generations of rats. Growth, foodintake, longevity and mortality remained comparable between control and test groups of animals. Reproductive performance as judged by fertility index, litter size and weaning index were also similar. Examination of the animals sacrified at the age of 23-24 months for gross pathological manifestations including tumor incidence did not indicate any significant differences between the control and the test groups. Judged by a variety of parameters, the rearing of rats for upto five generations on an irradiated diet had no adverse influences on their health. (author)