[en] Motivated by attemp to explain the strong variation in energy of the excited O⁺ state in even Ge isotopes in terms of a simple collective configuration, a boson mapping is introduced for proton, neutron and proton-neutron pairing

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[en] Aim: Some organogermanium compounds, such as Ge-132 and spirogermanium, have been proved to have antitumor activity and have been used for cancer therapy. The aim of this study is searching for more effective antitumor agents from organogermanium sesquioxides and establishing basis for further elucidating their structure-effect relationship. Methods: Seven new organogermanium sesquioxides have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectra. Antitumor activities against KB, HCT and Bel cells in vitro were tested. A rapid method is described for the labelling three of the compounds (compound 3,4,6) with Tc-99m and the optimum labelling conditions are investigated. The biodistribution of the three compounds labelled with Tc-99m was measured. Results: Compound 6 (gamma-thiocarbamido triethyl germanium sesquioxide) shows excellent antitumor activities, its inhibition yield to KB, HCT and Bel is 92.9%, 84.9% and 70.9%, respectively. The labelling yield is above 90% in pH 7.0 ∼ 8.0, T = 20 deg. C, t > 10 min, 1 mg of the germanium sesquioxides and 0.1 mg of stannous chloride. The biodistribution of the three compounds in normal mice shows that the compounds are mainly taken up by liver, kidney and lung. The biodistribution of compound 6 in nude mice bearing human colonic xenografts shows that the tumor uptakes are 0.734, 0.970, 0.886 and 0.615 ID%/g at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h and 20 h post injection, respectively. T/NT is 18.3 for tumor versus brain and 5.81 for tumor versus muscle at 20 h post injection. The tumor clearance is slow. Conclusion: The results show that compound 6 may be developed to be a suitable cancer therapeutic agent. The in vivo antitumor effects and the structure-effect relationship of the organogermanium sesquioxides need to be further investigated

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[en] Traditional ways of centrifugation of silicon and germanium tetrafluorides using for isotope separation and so chloride schemes of the processes are represented. Experiments conducted with germanium tetrachloride show stability of this working substance in separation equipment. To increase efficiency of silicon-28 preparation it is proposed to use trichlorosilane as working substance in centrifugal separation process

[en] Short note. 2 refs

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[en] It was assumed that there are the only two-body interactions among the nucleons. According to this assumption we derived the equation of neutron separation energy for a given nuclei, and calculated the neutron separation energies of Ge-, Sr-, and Zr- isotopes. From the results of calculations we determined the single particle energy and the pairing energy of a given shell. (Author)

[en] It was assumed that there are the only two-body interactions among the nucleons. According to this assumption we derived the equation of neutron separation energy for a given nuclei, and calculated the neutron separation energies of Ge-, Sr-, and Zr- isotopes. From the results of calculations we determined the single particle energy and the pairing energy of a given shell. (Author)