[en] Convective drying is a common process for the treatment of particulate solids also operated in continuous mode. Continuous operation is characterised by operation in steady-state with constant product throughput and constant product quality. Due to external influences, i.e. seasonal or local variations in the properties of the initial wet material, deviations in the product quality can result, for example over- or under-drying, or on-set of unwanted reaction. In this contribution a new feedback control concept is developed that is robust with respect to variations and uncertainties in the drying kinetics of the material and can reject and attenuate process disturbances. (Author)

[en] An outline is given of the advantages inherent in soil moisture measurement by means of a neutron probe in horizontal subsurface measuring circuits for irrigation control. Preliminary experience for the setting up of a field calibration curve and for practical measurement are submitted. This technique includes the following advantages: almost complete covering of the upper soil range which is of interest to irrigation control; good measuring density; suitable distribution of measuring points per unit area; possibility of continuous probe passage; optimal repeatability of measurements; exploration of a unit area with but few measuring circuits; no obstacles to tillage, drilling, intercultivation and harvest operations; and complete conservation of crop and plot which is not reached with any other soil moisture measurement technique so far available. Making use of the above advantages, the new technique allows automatic irrigation control with only one neutron depth probe. (author)

[en] Wet contaminated gases are heated by heating elements set in glove fingers and immersed into the gas stream, for instance before filtration. Heating elements can be changed from zones accessible to man

No abstract available

[en] In the case of a varying profile structure it is necessary to use different calibration curves and adequate correction factors, respectively. The bulk density of the soil had the greatest influence on the calibration. An increase in bulk density by 0.2 g/cm³ at a clay content of 18% resulted in an apparent increase in the values of moisture measurements by 1.5 to 2.0% of the volume of water. In naturally stratified soil the humus content of the chernozem horizon, being 3% higher than that of the underlying loess horizon, was found to influence the measuring results obtained by the probe. The calibration curves determined for chernozem and loess horizons in the laboratory agreed well with those obtained in the field. The measured values read from the probe and the gravimetrically determined values of the soil moisture were of great significance in all measured depths of the profile. (author)

[en] The charge stabilization and how eliminate the humidity effects in electret dosemeter are shown. The charge measure along of time, changing with the humidity is observed. The fabrication of dryness chamber with silica gel for a more adequate use of dosemeter in differents physical conditions of environment is also cited. (C.G.C.)

[en] The methodology to establish a optimal regime of irrigation in zeolite substrates for zeoponic beginning with from the determination of saturation grade measured by nuclear techniques through a gamma probe is shown. Works to obtain measurement geometry and calibration for different humidity grades according to the count rate are described

[en] Proceeding from an earlier developed neutron surface probe, an improved version of a neutron probe especially for control and batching of building materials is presented. Technical parameters are given

No abstract available

[en] A neutron probe to be built in the production line was developed for monitoring moisture content of bulk materials and suspensions of all types in the building material industry. The probe is dust- and external moisture-protected. The probe measuring capacity is about 100 l, the mean measurement error is +- 0.008 g water per 1 cm³, which for fine sand represents an error of +- 0.3%. The probe is connected via a cable to a measuring instrument showing an electrical value proportional to the measured material moisture content. (Z.M.)