[en] The radioactivity of atmosphere. hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere from 1987 is compared with that one from preceeding years, after 1963. Estimations of the effective dose equivalent (EDE) for the natural, additional (due to man-made releases), medical and occupational exposure are given. (authors)

[en] A multitemporal analysis on the Mount Disgrazia glaciers was performed by using the 1975, 1978 and 1980 MSS Landsat images. On these images the glaciers were completely described in their boundaries and surface features. Fixed structures were used along their boundaries as fiducial points of the ground control table for the multitemporal comparison of the glaciers. This makes it possible to estimate the galcier surface changes due to frontal displacements as well as the changes in the snow-covered area due to the displacements of the snow transient line. The procedure is possible since the recordings of Landsat satellites are continuous in space and time. It gives completeness to the individual data on the glaciers as provided by the field measurements and it makes the management of the water resources possible

No abstract available

[en] The chemical behaviour of plutonium in the hydrosphere is a subject of both great practical and intrinsic importance. The production and eventual disposal of Pu and other artificial radionuclides dictates that this be the case. The main objective of this paper is to provide a synthesis and critical examination of currently published data and interpretations on the geochemistry of Pu in natural waters and sediments. Where appropriate, an attempt is made to reinterpret published data with the aim of establishing the relationships between geochemical and biological processes and the distribution, concentration and speciation of geochemical and biological processes and the distribution, concentration and speciation of Pu. Particular attention is paid to the question of the potential for the chemical remobilization of Pu from the solid to the aqueous phase. Approximately one third of the text deals with freshwaters (mostly lakes) while two thirds discusses the estuarine, coastal and open ocean environments. (orig.)

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] The results of analysis of wave modes in the ambient noise induced in the layered structure “lithosphere–hydrosphere–ice sheet” are presented. It is shown that instrumental monitoring over background noises in an ice-covered shallow sea allows us to apply methods of seismic tomography in order to determine the structural parameters of a layered geophysical media.

[en] The soil consists of a self-organized system in space and time representing an interface formed between lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. This system includes a great structural and functional complexity due to the wide diversity of its abiotic and biotic components and to processes that occur within the system. At the same time, the soil is an irreplaceable and a non-renewable resource enabling the production of basic nourishment, fibres and other essential products for the survival of humankind. However, in the last fifty year human have contributed to an un precedent increase in erosion processes as ell as new forms of soil degradation. these include contamination, compaction or sealing of soils as a result of urban and infrastructure development. As a consequence, there is a general state of environmental degradation, induced by human intervention, that is increasing wide the exploitation of natural resources. (Author)

[en] Intensive development of industry, transport and overpopulation leads to significant pollution of the hydrosphere. Most infectious diseases in the world due to poor quality of drinking water and violations of sanitary standards of the water supply. Pollution of surface water bodies prevents gas exchange between water and atmosphere and reduces the saturation of water with oxygen is the cause of mass death of fish and birds. The most intensive anthropogenic influence are exposed to fresh surface waters. (author)

[en] A computer model is discussed describing radioactivity transport between the source and the organism. The model is to be applied in assessing the effect of a nuclear installation on the organism. Fortran and Pascal appear to be the most appropriate computer languages. With respect to internal memory requirements, the program file is estimated to consist of a control program and a number of subprograms. Upon setting the radioactivity transport and the output requirements the control program should recall the necessary subprograms. The program file should allow the complete data file and the solutions of all possible radioactivity transport variants to be inputted. It is envisaged that several subprograms will be available for one type of radioactivity transport, this depending on different accuracy of the transport description. Thus, the requirements for input data will also differ. (Z.M.)