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[en] Selected examples from the year under report, 1977. (HP) 891 HP

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[en] Up to now in the world literature of hydrology there has been only a few studies on the application of nuclear techniques to snow hydrology. For the first time in Turkey water equivalent of snow pack and runoff were determined by the absorbtion of gamma radiation passing through a snow pack and by the use of an environmental isotope respectively. By this research, the water equivalent of snow was determined by both the classical and the nuclear techniques. Snow cover depths versus the water equivalents of snow were plotted on a graph and linear regression equations were obtained for forcasting model by using the classical and the nuclear techniques. In addition, by using the flow hydrography and the environmental isotope contents of water samples, the subsurface flow hydrography and the surface flow hydrograph were found by the nuclear technique. Next, the flow hydrograph and the environmental isotope contents, which belong to these flows, were plotted on a graph. A good relationship between the flow hydrograph and the delta¹8 0 SMOW values was observed and long term forecasting model for the seasonal spring flood volume was developed. Finally, it was discovered that the nuclear techniques can be applied either together with the classical techniques or without them. (author)

[en] A method for identifying microorganisms is claimed. An emissive agent is added to a specimen of microorganisms to produce a mix of emissive products. These products are detected and characteristic pattern functioning as an identifier for the microorganisms is derived. The identifier is then compared with identifiers representing known microorganisms

[en] Starting from terms and definitions, some selected applications of stable isotopes, especially in the field of tracer techniquies, in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, medicine, and agriculture are dealt with. Analytical methods for stable isotopes are only outlined. An extensive bibliography with about 700 references has been included

[en] This guidebook serves as an introduction to the range of isotope techniques that are applicable in hydrology. The basic principles of each application are described followed by examples of case studies. This method of treatment should enable hydrologists to identify and assess the possible use of isotope techniques to their particular problems, although hydrologists having no prior experience in the use of isotope techniques will need to collaborate with isotope hydrologists. Isotope techniques may provide an independent approach for solving a hydrological problem. However, it should be realised that these techniques are only one of a number of tools now available to the hydrologist and their use in conjunction with other hydrological methods is likely to be most productive. Isotope hydrology may be considered under three headings: (1) the use of variations in the environmental isotopic composition of water; (2) the use of artificial radioactive tracers; (3) the use of radioisotope instruments. The following sections summarise the elements of radioactivity and interaction of radiation with matter considered necessary for an understanding of the use of isotope techniques in hydrology. Other sections in this introduction deal with the reasons for the variations in the environmental isotopic composition of water, the precautions in sampling of water, the use and choice of artificial radioactive tracers and precautions in their use, and the principles of tracer techniques

[en] Agricultural production relies heavily on man-made chemicals used as fertilizers and pesticides, and to regulate plant growth. Pesticides are released intentionally into the environment to control insects, weeds, plant diseases and other pests that affect crop or animal production, as well as to control insects that spread human diseases. Pesticides have a well-established role in agriculture and public health. The benefits of their use in terms of economic returns and of improved human health and well-being have led to the rapid world-wide adoption of this chemical technology

[en] The application of radiation and radioisotopes is finally coming into its own after a long and hesitant gestation period. Overshadowed since the inception of the ''Nuclear Age'' by nuclear power generation, this area nevertheless provides real and challenging opportunities involving many different technical specialties and professional skills. Career opportunities are becoming available in those areas involving the use of radioactive isotopes in research, medicine, and industrial process control, and the employment of large radiation outputs, from either accelerator or isotopes, for industrial process applications

[en] Accumulation of ³²p in the insect body of rice stem borer (chilo suppressalis walker) and labelling efficiency. Labelling of C. suppressalis months with ³²p though larval feeding with rice seedling indicated good result. Labelling efficiency at a given dose of 50 μVi/50 ml reached 81% at 100 μCi/50 ml was 95%. Forty percent of the total labelled individuals contained radioactivity greater than 1500 counts per minute as measured by liquid scintillation counter with 57.5% efficiency. Accumulation of ³²p in the labelled insects was found mostly (50%) in the abdomen. The remaining 50% were distributed to the thorax (34%), to the head (9%) and to the wings (7%). (author). 6 refs