[en] This paper provides a critical review of the research work conducted so far on the suppressive effects of lithium compounds on expansion due to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete and on the mechanism or mechanisms by which lithium inhibits the expansion. After a thorough examination of the existing literature regarding lithium salts in controlling ASR expansion, a summary of research findings is provided. It shows that all the lithium salts studied, including LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiOH, LiOH.H₂O, LiNO₃, LiNO₂, Li₂CO₃, Li₂SO₄, Li₂HPO₄, and Li₂SiO₃, are effective in suppressing ASR expansion in new concrete, provided they are used at the appropriate dosages. Among these compounds, LiNO₃ appears to be the most promising one. Although the mechanism(s) for the suppressive effects of lithium are not well understood, several mechanisms have been proposed. A detailed discussion about these existing mechanisms is provided in the paper. Finally, some recommendations for future studies are identified

[en] Recent studies of liquid lithium have concentrated on its sorption characteristics for hydrogen isotopes and its interaction with common impurity elements. Hydrogen isotope sorption data (P-C-T relations, activity coefficients, Sieverts' constants, plateau pressures, isotope effects, free energies of formation, phase boundaries etc.) are presented in a tabular form that can be conveniently used to extract thermodynamic information for the α-phase of the Li-LiH, Li-LiD, and Li-LiT systems and to construct complete phase diagrams. Recent solubility data for Li₃N, Li₂O, and Li₂C₂ in liquid lithium are discussed with emphasis on the prospects for removing these species by cold-trapping methods. Current studies on the sorption of hydrogen in solid lithium alloys (e.g., Li--Al and Li--Pb), made using a new technique (the hydrogen titration method), have shown that these alloys should lead to smaller blanket-tritium inventories than are attainable with liquid lithium and that the P-C-T relationships for hydrogen in Li--M alloys can be estimated from lithium activity data for these alloys

[en] In recent years lithium-ion batteries have been widely applied for portable electronic devices such as cellular phones and personal computers. Sulfones are dipolar aprotic solvents, which are used in lithium-ion batteries because of their high resistivity to electrode materials and ability to ensure high speed of electrode process. The aim of this work is the study of the local structures of LiCl in ethyl methyl sulfone (EMSO2) using quantum chemical calculations. All calculations have been carried out using the Gaussian 09 software package. Optimization of the molecular structure of isolated molecule of EMSO2 and that of the complex 1:1 LiCl:EMSO2 in their ground states in the gas phase was performed using restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) method combined with 6-311++G(d,p) extended basis set including polarization and diffuse functions. The assignment of theoretical vibrational modes was performed by GaussView 5.0, which gives a visual representation of vibrational modes. The structural and spectral parameters of LiCl/ethyl methyl sulfone system were established. The calculations show the existence of two stable 1:1 LiCl:ethyl methyl sulfone structures and one transition state. The energy minima and transition state structure were verified by vibrational analysis. Energy minima were confirmed by the absence of imaginary vibration frequency. In the case of transition state one imaginary mode was observed. It was shown that intensity of the CH and SO stretching vibrations to the interaction between LiCl and sulfone strongly depends on the structure of the complex. The difference in spectral features is explained in the frame of vibrational Stark effect. The obtained results have been compared with those for LiCl/dimethyl sulfone and LiCl/diethyl sulfone system

No abstract available

[en] Nuclear charge radii of ^6,7,8,9Li have recently been measured at the GSI on-line mass separator using high-resolution resonance ionization mass spectroscopy. We give a brief description of the experimental method. The results for the charge radii are compared with different theoretical predictions. (orig.)

[en] Electron-stimulated desorption of positive lithium ions from thin layers of lithium halides deposited onto Si(1 1 1) are investigated by the time-of-flight technique. The determined values of isotope effect of the lithium (⁶Li⁺/⁷Li⁺) are 1.60 ± 0.04, 1.466 ± 0.007, 1.282 ± 0.004, 1.36 ± 0.01 and 1.33 ± 0.01 for LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr and LiI, respectively. The observed most probable kinetic energies of ⁷Li⁺ are 1.0, 1.9, 1.1, 0.9 and 0.9 eV for LiH, LiF, LiCl, LiBr and LiI, respectively, and seem to be independent of the halide component mass. The values of lithium ion emission yield, lithium kinetic energy and lithium isotope effect suggest that the lattice relaxation is only important in the lithium ion desorption process from the LiH system. In view of possible mechanisms and processes involved into lithium ion desorption the obtained results indicate that for LiH, LiCl, LiBr and LiI the ions desorb in a rather classical way. However, for LiF, ion desorption has a more quantum character and the modified wave packet squeezing model has to be taken into account

[en] The program is concerned with investigating the chemistry of those compounds and alloys of lithium which have acceptable physical and neutronic properties. In particular, information is needed on whether tritium can be removed rapidly, and how removal rates are affected by particle size, temperature, dose rate, etc.; how stable the solids are under long irradiation; and whether they are chemically compatible with the other materials that will be present in a blanket. The ultimate objective is to specify an optimum compound or alloy; to describe methods of synthesizing it and incorporating it, with or without diluents, into blanket modules; and to be able to predict its long-term behavior under operating conditions

No abstract available

[en] Atomic and molecular processes for Li chemistry are examined for low temperature plasma such as peripheral plasmas in fusion research laboratory devices. Particle abundances of Li, Li ions, LiH and LiH ion are calculated by solving rate equations in which all reactions of the Li chemistry are considered for low temperature plasma.

[en] Results of experimental studies to measure selected thermodynamic properties for systems of lithium with non-metallic elements are reported. Investigations of the Li-H, Li-D, and Li-T systems have led to the elucidation of the dilute solution behavior and the H/D/T isotope effects. In the case of the Li-H and Li-D systems, the principal features of the respective phase diagrams have been delineated. The solubility of Li-D in liquid lithium has been measured down to 200⁰C. The solubility of Li₃N in liquid lithium and the thermal decomposition of Li₃N have also been studied. From these data, the free energy of formation of Li₃N and the Sieverts' constant for dissolution of nitrogen in lithium have been determined. Based on studies of the distribution of non-metallic elements between liquid lithium and selected molten salts, it appears that molten salt extraction offers promise as a means of removing these impurity elements (e.g., H, D, T, O, N, C) from liquid lithium