[en] A general article discusses dark matter in the Universe and its possible constituents and describes laboratory experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory to detect axions. (author). 5 figs

[en] Until recently little more was known than that dark matter appears to exist; there was little systematic information about its properties. Only in the past several years was progress made to the point where dark matter density distributions can be measured. For example, with accurate rotation curves extending over large ranges in radius, decomposing the effects of visible and dark matter to measure dark matter density profiles can be tried. Some regularities in dark matter behaviour have already turned up. This volume includes review and invited papers, poster papers, and the two general discussions. (Auth.)

[en] This paper discusses dark matter in general, neutrino dark matter in particular, and the status of possible observations. The authors find the situation very promising

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] In this paper, an idea on dark matter nonconcentric with luminous matter is proposed. This case could influence the rotation curve of galaxy differently in its different direction. Recently, Rubin and Ford's observation on rotation curve of Hickson 88a has been explained by means of the idea. Some possible observational predictions have also been given. (author)

[en] Though the concept of a dark energy driven accelerating universe was introduced by the author in 1997, to date dark energy itself, as described below has remained a paradigm. We quickly review these and find a second cosmological signature of the 1997 model, consistent with latest observations. (author)

[en] The identification of dark matter is one of the most urgent problems in cosmology. I describe the astrophysical case for dark matter, from both an observational and a theoretical perspective. This overview will therefore focus on the observational motivations rather than the particle physics aspects of dark matter constraints on specific dark matter candidates. First, however, I summarize the astronomical evidence for dark matter, then I highlight the weaknesses of the standard cold dark matter model (LCDM) to provide a robust explanation of some observations. The greatest weakness in the dark matter saga is that we have not yet identified the nature of dark matter itself

[en] Using deep wide-field photometry 3 yr data (Y3) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), we introduce a panoramic study of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The data discussed here—a small subset of the full survey—uniformly cover a region of 25 deg² centered on the galaxy to a depth of g ~ 23.5. We use these data to study the structural properties of Fornax, overall stellar population, and its member stars in different evolutionary phases. We also search for possible signs of tidal disturbance. Fornax is found to be significantly more spatially extended than what early studies suggested. No statistically significant distortions or signs of tidal disturbances were found down to a surface brightness limit of ~32.1 mag arcsec^-2. Yet, there are hints of shell-like features located ~20'–40' from the center of Fornax that may be stellar debris from past merger events. We also find that intermediate-age and young main-sequence populations show different orientation at the galaxy center and have many substructures. The deep DES Y3 data allow us to characterize the age of those young stellar substructures with great accuracy, both those previously known and those newly identified as possible overdensities in this work, on the basis of their color–magnitude diagram morphology. We find that the youngest overdensities are all found on the eastern side of Fornax, where the Fornax field population itself is slightly younger than in the west. In summary, the high-quality DES Y3 data reveal that Fornax has many rich structures and provide insights into its complex formation history.

[en] The CRESST-III experiment which is dedicated to low-mass dark matter search uses scintillating CaWO₄ crystals operated as cryogenic particle detectors. Background discrimination is achieved by exploiting the scintillating light signal of CaWO₄ and by a novel active detector holder presented in this paper. In a test setup above ground, a nuclear-recoil energy threshold of $E_{\mathit{th}}=(190.6\pm 5.2)\mathrm{eV}$ is reached with a 24 g prototype detector, which corresponds to an estimated threshold of ∼50 eV when being operated in the low-noise CRESST cryostat. This is the lowest threshold reported for direct dark matter searches. For CRESST-III phase 1, ten such detector modules were installed in the cryostat which have the potential to improve significantly the sensitivity to scatterings of dark matter particles with masses down to ∼0.1 GeV/c².