[en] In this contribution, a method is described in which a virtual movable hand phantom is used to simulate the partial body dose during the handling of radiation sources. Radiation scenarios, for example those occurring in nuclear medicine therapies, can be analyzed with this method. After a short explanation of the modelling of a radiation scenario, a first investigation of the method and its results are presented. (orig.)

No abstract available

[en] 'Full text:' Some activities on nuclear sites such as decommissioning generate large volumes of uncontaminated waste. What is an appropriate degree of rigour to apply to demonstrate that wastes are not contaminated, and are therefore suitable for release from regulatory control so they can be reused, recycled or disposed of in conventional waste facilities? Is there a level of demonstration that is practical to demonstrate on the scale required? If not, what are the practical alternatives for dealing with such wastes? (author)

[en] In the age of circular economy dynamics, it becomes clear that the management and recovery of excavated material from the civil works and remediation activities need to be optimized in France. As soon as the excavated earth and other materials leave the excavation site, they are considered as waste and they have to comply with waste legislation which hinders their re-use. The analysis of the french system has enabled us to identify the main obstacles to the recovery of excavated materials: technical and operational barriers, economic difficulties, legal and regulatory aspects and society acceptance. The stakeholders involved in the production and management of excavated materials have proposed 2 recommendations. First, to have a common and clear outlook on regulatory (waste definition, expropriation of the site etc.) and environmental terms (definition of natural geological material, suspected anthropogenic input, approach to assessment adapted to meeting the challenges laid down). This must all be then adapted to the different guides applicable to each profession, in order to limit the confusion and debates that today prevent the smooth operation of the circular economy. Secondly, to structure the sector on a national level and begin implementing this approach based on the bottom-up concept. (authors)

[en] This document describes Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Program for Certification of Nonradioactive Hazardous Waste (Program). The Program establishes the criteria that will be used by all ORNL divisions, offices, and programs for unrestricted release of hazardous waste to off-site commercial facilities. The certification process meets the requirements given in the Performance Objective for Certification of Non-Radioactive Hazardous Waste. The Program Plan has two main elements: (A) Establishing Radioactive Materials Management Areas (RMMAs). At ORNL, RMMAs are (1) Contamination Areas, High Contamination Areas, and Airborne Radioactivity Areas, (2) Radiological Buffer Areas established for contamination control, and (3) areas posted to prevent loss of control of activated items. (B) Certifying that hazardous waste originating in an RMMA is suitable for commercial treatment, storage, or disposal by process knowledge, surface contamination surveys, sampling and analysis, or a combination of these techniques. If process knowledge is insufficient, the hazardous waste must undergo sampling and analysis in addition to surface contamination surveys. This Program will reduce the impact to current ORNL operations by using current radiological area boundaries and existing plans and procedures to the greatest extent possible. New or revised procedures will be developed as necessary to implement this Program

[en] In this work author deals with composition and processing of food waste.

[en] The state of Penang has been identified as a major city along with Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Along with this recognition came rapid development and an increase in the amount of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that needs treatment. The state government has engaged a study to have an integrated waste management system. MIREC was enlisted into a consortium of consultants that would propose to the state and central government a solution to the problem. MIREC has been actively involved with waste characterization in Malaysia, but due to the fact that there are no standards for such processes, the study underwent many changes during the course of the project. Apart from this, the Terms of Reference for the study was not well established causing much inconvenience to the study team. However, the project was successful in terms of MIREC being able to transfer some technology to the local company, part of the study was also used to enhance the R and D capability of MIREC and also worked as a training ground for new staff to acquire practical knowledge. Hence, this kind of projects are good in terms of allowing for new R and D development and also to work as an income to MIREC. (Author)

[en] The aim of this paper is to present an evaluation method that can aid decision makers in a local civic body to prioritize and select appropriate municipal solid waste disposal methods. We introduce a hierarchical network (hiernet) decision structure and apply the analytic network process (ANP) super-matrix approach to measure the relative desirability of disposal alternatives using value judgments as the input of the various stakeholders. ANP is a flexible analytical program that enables decision makers to find the best possible solution to complex problems by breaking down a problem into a systematic network of inter-relationships among the various levels and attributes. This method therefore may not only aid in selecting the best alternative but also helps decision makers to understand why an alternative is preferred over the other options

No abstract available

[en] The aim of this paper is to describe the optimisation of Waste Minimisation/Zero Waste strategies into an already established integrated waste management system and to present a Zero Waste model for post-consumer waste for urban communities in South Africa. The research was undertaken towards the fulfilment of the goals of the Polokwane Declaration on Waste Management , which has set as its target the reduction of waste generation and disposal by 50% and 25%, respectively, by 2012 and the development of a plan for Zero Waste by 2022. Two communities, adjacent to the Mariannhill Landfill site in Durban, were selected as a case study for a comparative analysis of formal and informal settlements. Since the waste generated from these two communities is disposed of at the Mariannhill landfill, the impact of Zero Waste on landfill volumes could be readily assessed. A Zero Waste scheme, based on costs and landfill airspace savings, was proposed for the area. The case study demonstrates that waste minimisation schemes can be introduced into urban areas, in emerging countries, with differing levels of service and that Zero Waste models are appropriate to urban areas in South Africa