[en] The aim of these lectures is to give a review of the situation concerning inclusive reactions induced by charged and neutral leptons in the light of the quark parton model. Part A is devoted to theoretical generalities. Part B is a study of three inclusive processes: electroproduction, neutrino and antineutrino induced reactions with charge changing and charge conserving current. Part C is more speculative: polarization and weak effects in electroproduction. (BJ)

No abstract available

[en] The Callan-Gross relation, originally based on the parton model, predicts that, in (say) electroproduction, sigmasub(L)/sigmasub(T) = 0. When QCD corrections are taken into account this relation gets modified by terms of order αsub(c)(Q²). We define R approximately sigmasub(L)/sigmasub(T) to measure the violation of the Callan-Gross relation. One can obtain exactly the behaviour of R(x,Q²) at the endpoints x = 0,1 from QCD. This will incidentally allow us to write a simple and explicit parametrization, which is exact at x = 0,1 and a good approximation at all other x. We will carry out the analysis for proton targets and e, μ projectiles; the extension to ν scattering or other targets is straightforward

[en] A short summary is presented of QCD predictions for scale dependent parton densities and decay functions in the leading logarithmic approximation followed by a discussion of the next order (in αsub(s)(Q²)) corrections

[en] We extend a recent global analysis of nucleon parton distributions carried out at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the MS-bar scheme to provide distributions in the so-called DIS scheme. We pay particular attention to the translation of the heavy quark distributions in going from the MS-bar to the DIS scheme. We repeat the global analysis at leading order (LO) and comment on the major effects produced when going from LO to NLO. Finally we include in the global analysis a freely parameterised form of possible higher twist contributions to make an exploratory study of the size of these effects as a function of x. (author)

[en] If a nucleus is regarded as a collection of quasi-free nucleons, the nuclear structure functions are simply proportional to the corresponding structure functions of the nucleon. It has been argued that the conventional picture of the nucleus might not hold when the nucleus is probed during a very short time. A simple parton model has been formulated, illustrating the idea of an anomalous behaviour of nuclear structure functions. The nucleus is pictured as one bag of partons

[en] The necessary condition for the existence of stationary regimes in birth--death processes with coefficients having a polynomial dependence on the number of particles in the system is found. The delay of the confinement stage in the parton cascade is studied as one of the possible manifestations of the stationary regime in hadron physics

[en] By studying scaling violations near the preconfinement transition, we derive a relation between the basic parameters of QCD and those of the dual topological expansion. This relation allows to understand why the perturbative QCD scale ß is small as compared to typical hadronic masses and suggests the existence of a QCD non perturbative vacuum characterized by simple topological properties

[en] The simple parton model leads to the Bjorken scaling law only for rather large values of the transfer. For small values, the scale invariance is broken by a purely kinematical effect which is shown to depend on: (1+(4M²x²/Q²))sup(1/2)-1, M being the mass of the target nucleon. Thus, one has to consider: ν>=5M (5GeV) and: Q²>=10M²x (9GeV/c)² for the whole x range) if it is demanded that scaling holds within 10% to error

[en] A possible modification of the Dashen-Gell-Mann-Fubini sum rules and relative consequences due to parton-quarks structure is discussed. The study is made in order to reconcile the recent results concerning the violation of Bjorken scaling law in e⁺e^- annihilation with the quark-parton model prediction